Aspiration Precautions
Pneumonia
Risk Factors
Treatment
100

What causes aspiration pneumonia

Abnormal entry of gastric material into lower airway

100

Name 3 types on pneumonia

Viral, Bacterial, Aspiration, Opportunistic

100

Name 2 risk factors for Opportunistic pneumonia

Severe protein-calorie malnutrition, immunodeficiencies, Chemotherapy/radiation, immunosuppression therapy

100

What is the priority intervention for treatment of pneumonia

Monitor oxygen levels and administer oxygen therapy as indicated

200

Name 3 aspiration precautions for Aspiration Pneumonia

Elevate head of bed (at least 30-45 degrees) at all times, assist with eating & drinking, monitor reflux and gastric acid residuals, encourage early mobilization, cough and deep breathing, incentive spirometry, at least twice-daily oral hygiene, speech therapy consult- special diet and assist with swallowing exercises for dysphagia, minimize use of sedation

200

Name 2 complications of pneumonia

Atelectasis, Pleural effusion, Pneumothorax,  Empyema

200

Name 3 risk factors for aspiration pneumonia

  • Presence of tracheostomy or endotracheal tube 
  • Tube feedings 
  • Reduced level of consciousness 
  • Depressed cough or gag reflex 
  • Impaired swallowing 
  • Oral/facial/neck trauma or surgery 
  • Inability to maintain upright body posture 
  • Gastrointestinal disorders: hiatal hernia, delayed gastric emptying, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), etc
200

List 4 interventions for pneumonia

Administer supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula at 2 L/min, Initiate empiric antibiotic therapy, obtain sputum culture and sensitivity, administer antipyretics as needed for fever, continuous telemetry monitoring, continuous pulse oximetry, encourage deep breathing and coughing exercises, Registered Dietician consult (hydration and nutrition), aspiration precautions, suctioning, mechanical ventilation, SLP consult for dysphagia assessment

300

Name 2 signs and symptoms of aspiration pneumonia that should be reported to the provider right away

Severe coughing, struggling to breathe, cyanosis, delirium, if fever and respiratory rate doesn’t lower

300

Name 3 diagnostic studies for pneumonia

H&P, chest -x ray, thoracentesis and/or bronchoscopy, Pulse oximetry, ABG's, Sputum culture, blood culture, CBC

300

Name 3 risk factors for Viral Pneumonia

1. Not getting the annual influenza vaccine.

2. Improper hand hygiene.

3. Living in a communal setting.

300

Which antibiotic is most commonly used as empiric antibiotic therapy for pneumonia?

Ceftriaxone 1 gram intravenous daily

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