Theorists
Theories
Theories continued...
Models of ELL Instruction
Language
100
This theorist developed a social theory of learning called the Zone of Proximal Development.
Who is Vygotsky
100
"The distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers."
What is the Zone of Proximal Development
100
The use of this input sometimes results in unnatural language.
What is simplified input
100
English language learners are taught with mainstream students and given no special services.
What is English Immersion
100
When a child acquires two languages at the same time from birth, this is referred to as what?
What is simultaneous childhood bilingualism
200
This theorist describes three types of assistance teachers can provide: direct instruction, modeling, and scaffolding.
Who is Cazden
200
Ruiz describes that in the seventies that as part of the Civil Rights Movement, bilingual educators called for the rights of non-native English speakers to bilingual education. Students in bilingual programs could exercise their right to maintain their native language while learning a second language.
What is language-as-a-right
200
The schools that embrace this specific type of orientation, they develop programs that encourage collaboration between the school and the minority community.
What is intercultural orientation
200
English language learners are taught only in English and teachers are trained to make the input comprehensible.
What is Structured English Immersion
200
When children learn one language at home and then another language in preschool or elementary school.
What is sequential bilingualism
300
This theorist explains that learning is a kind of cognitive apprenticeship.
Who is Brown
300
Ruiz describes that in the 50’s and 60’s, educators saw ELLs as having a problem, even a handicap.
What is language-as-a-handicap.
300
This is the first identified hypothesis in Krashen's language model.
What is Acquisition/Learning hypothesis
300
English language learners are given ESL support. They are taught basic vocabulary and language structure and then integrated into all English instruction.
What is ESL Pullout Traditional Instruction
300
Certain cultural groups fail to do well because their culture is seen as deficient (single cause) not because of any factors in the environment (context free).
What is cultural deficit
400
This theorists came up with three orientations of language.
Who is Ruiz
400
When schools take this approach, they exclude students’ cultures, they discourage minority community members from active involvement in the schools, they teach traditional methods and help teachers justify the grades they give.
What is an assimilationist orientation
400
Vygotsky developed this concept that describes ideas we develop fairly directly from everyday experiences.
What is a spontaneous concept
400
Native English speakers are taught language through content instruction in a second language. English is introduced in second grade or later.
What is Enriched Immersion
400
There are two types of linguistic competence; communicative and what?
What is grammatical
500
This theorist believes that we acquire a new language subconsciously as we receive messages we understand.
Who is Krashan's
500
Ruiz sees this orientation as a better approach to language planning for several reasons. The best examples presently of the are bilingual dual-language programs.
What is language-as-a-resource
500
Cazden describes three types of assistance teacher can provide ELL students. These include, direct instruction, modeling and what?
What is scaffolding
500
English language learners and native speakers of English learn language through content in both English and the first language of the English learners.
What is Bilingual Dual-Language Education
500
There are around 7,000 languages in our world. Most of these countries are what?
What is bilingual
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