TIA & Stroke
Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of a stroke?
Gradual memory loss
Which of the following statements about Multiple Sclerosis is true?
It involves the immune system attacking the myelin sheath around nerves.
The hallmark of Parkinson’s disease includes which of the following symptoms?
Tremor at rest, bradykinesia, and rigidity
Which of the following differentiates delirium from dementia?
Delirium has a sudden onset, whereas dementia has a gradual onset.
True/False: Absence seizures are typically seen in older adults.
False
True/False: A TIA typically results in permanent damage to brain cells.
False
True/False: Corticosteroids are commonly used in managing acute MS exacerbations.
True
Describe the role of dopamine in Parkinson’s disease and why dopamine replacement therapies are often used.
In Parkinson's disease, the brain loses dopamine-producing neurons, leading to a significant drop in dopamine levels, which results in the characteristic motor symptoms like tremors, rigidity, and slowness of movement; therefore, dopamine replacement therapies are commonly used to replenish the depleted dopamine and alleviate these symptoms by restoring the balance needed for proper muscle control.
The most common type of dementia is ____________.
Alzheimer’s disease
Which medication is commonly prescribed for long-term seizure management?
Phenytoin
List two modifiable risk factors for ischemic stroke.
Which of the following is a common relapsing-remitting symptom pattern seen in MS?
Long periods of stable function interrupted by symptom flare-ups
True/False: Levodopa is the primary treatment option used to manage symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
True
Delirium is always caused by a preexisting neurological condition.
False
Which of the following is a priority nursing intervention for a patient experiencing a seizure?
Turning the patient on their side
Which assessment tool is commonly used to evaluate stroke severity in patients?
NIH Stroke Scale
Name two common symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis.
Vision problems: Double vision or pain when moving the eyes, which can be a sign of optic neuritis
Muscle weakness: Weakness in the arms and legs, along with muscle stiffness and spasms
Numbness and tingling: Persistent numbness or tingling in the arms, legs, trunk, or face
Balance issues: Difficulty staying balanced, or feeling like the room is spinning
Bladder control problems: Frequent urinary tract infections
Fatigue: A common symptom that can be managed with exercise
Depression: A common mental health issue that can be caused by MS
Sexual dysfunction: Decreased libido, anorgasmia, dyspareunia, or erectile dysfunction
Which of the following is a characteristic side effect of long-term Levodopa use?
Dyskinesias
List two possible causes of delirium.
Advanced cancer, Alcohol or drugs, Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, Dementia, Hospitalization, especially in intensive care, Infections, Medicines, Metabolic disorders, Organ failure, Poisoning, Serious illnesses or pain, Sleep deprivation, Surgeries, including reactions to anesthesia.
During a seizure, a seizure log or diary should be used to document the seizure’s __________, __________, and __________.
duration, characteristics, and any precipitating factors
Daily Double
Describe the significance of the "golden hour" in stroke treatment.
The diagnostic criteria for MS often include MRI findings of ___________ in the brain or spinal cord.
lesions or plaques
___________ is a common surgical procedure for advanced Parkinson's disease where medications are no longer effective.
Deep brain stimulation
Which assessment tool is frequently used to screen for cognitive impairment in patients suspected of having dementia?
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Daily Double
Differentiate between a focal seizure and a generalized seizure.