1619 - American Slave Trade History
What was the month and year in which enslaved Africans were brought to America?
August, 1619
What’s the name of the author?
Resmaa Menakem
What movements did black people protest for when fighting for civil rights?
Equity and freedom
What does ACE stand for in the ACE Study?
Adverse Childhood Experiences.
What law was passed to protect equal treatment by public institutions?
The arrival of the first recorded enslaved Africans in English Virginia.
What happened to the kids born between slaves and their owners?
They stayed in enslavement
What are two forms of resilience?
Intrinsic and learned.
What does it mean to abolish slavery?
To legally end slavery.
Approximately how many people participated in the ACE Study?
17,000 people.
What significant event involving Africans occurred in Virginia in August 1619?
The arrival of the first recorded enslaved Africans in English Virginia.
What is the name of the era starting in 1877 that was triggered by Rutherford B. Hayes’ actions before his presidency?
The Great Nadir or Second Slavery
What is one of the reasons the English colonist fled?
Barbarism and the Great Plague
The agreement that counted three-fifths (60%) of the enslaved population when determining state representation, giving slaveholding states more political power.
Three-Fifths Compromise
What is one long-term health condition linked to adverse childhood experiences?
Cancer, stroke, chronic lung disease, heart disease, depression, alcohol use disorder, sexually transmitted infections, or liver disease. (Any one is acceptable.)
Who is remembered as the first person killed in the American Revolution?
Crispus Attucks, a man of African and Indigenous ancestry.
How many times was slavery mentioned in The Declaration Of Independence?
Zero
What historical era can white body trauma be traced back to?
Medieval Time
What was the purpose of colonization plans involving freed Black Americans?
To relocate freed Black Americans outside the United States to separate colonies.
What is the term for trauma someone experiences indirectly through exposure to another person's traumatic experiences?
Vicarious trauma.
What was one of the most valuable commodities in early American history, built on the forced labor of enslaved Africans?
Enslaved people and their labor.
What was the name of the black Army veteran that was beaten and blinded mere hours after his honorable discharge from the military?
Isaac Woodard
Can trauma be passed down through generations, and what are some factors that contribute to it?
Violence, rage, coercion, deception, betrayal, and emotional abuse can contribute to generational trauma, especially when the trauma is not addressed or healed.
Who was the famous Black abolitionist who criticized Abraham Lincoln's approach to racial equality?
Frederick Douglass.
According to the reading, how many years was the ACE Study conducted over?
15 years
According to sociologist Glenn Bracey, what did Black Americans create out of the oppression they experienced?
Their own identity and culture, expressed in the quote, “Out of the ashes of white denigration, we gave birth to ourselves.”