Fluids
This type of IV solution has the same osmolarity as blood plasma and does not cause fluid shifts between compartments.
Isotonic Solution
This electrolyte is the primary extracellular cation and plays a major role in fluid balance and osmolarity.
Na+
When fluid moves into tissues, typically seen in extremities
second spacing
This is the normal pH range of arterial blood used to determine acid-base balance.
7.35-7.45
This disorder is characterized by increased mucus and increased inflammation that causes mucus plugs to clog and damage to alveoli
Chronic Bronchitis
This type of IV solution contains large proteins or particles that stay primarily in the intravascular space and increase oncotic pressure.
colloid solution
Low levels of this electrolyte can cause muscle weakness, leg cramps, and dangerous cardiac dysrhythmias such as U waves on an ECG.
K+
third spacing
An ABG showing pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 50 mmHg, and HCO₃⁻ 24 mEq/L indicates this primary imbalance.
respiratory acidosis
This disorder is characterized by pursed lip breathing, barrel chest, use of accessory muscles to breathe, etc.
Emphysema
This IV fluid is commonly used to treat cellular dehydration by shifting water into the intracellular space.
0.45% Normal Saline (hypotonic)
This electrolyte imbalance is commonly seen in patients with chronic kidney disease and can lead to peaked T waves and cardiac arrest.
Only fluid that can be used with blood products
Normal Saline (0.9% NS)
An ABG with pH 7.48, PaCO₂ 30 mmHg, and HCO₃⁻ 24 mEq/L is most consistent with this condition.
respiratory alkalosis
This umbrella term includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema and is characterized by persistent airflow limitation.
COPD
These IV fluids contain small molecules that freely move between the intravascular and interstitial spaces.
Crystalloid solutions
This electrolyte is inversely related to calcium and, when elevated, can lead to symptoms like hypocalcemia and tetany.
Pressure within vascular system that pushed fluid outward into tissues
hydrostatic pressure
An ABG with pH 7.32, PaCO₂ 38 mmHg, and HCO₃⁻ 18 mEq/L represents this type of imbalance.
metabolic acidosis
This disorder is characterized by a cough, increased mucus, SOB, expiratory wheeze
Asthma
This condition makes a patient the best candidate for hypertonic IV therapy due to low sodium and brain swelling.
Hyponatremia w/ cerebral edema
A patient with positive Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s signs is most likely experiencing a deficiency of this electrolyte.
Ca+
Pressure that is created by large molecules (colloids) such as albumin, RBC's, and proteins that pulls fluid back into vascular space
oncotic pressure
An ABG shows pH 7.50, PaCO₂ 48 mmHg, and HCO₃⁻ 36 mEq/L—this represents this condition.
metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation
The biggest risks for this disorders are prolonged immobility, recent surgery, cancer, pregnancy, and oral contraceptives
Pulmonary Embolism