Lagniappe
While caring for a diabetic patient, you know that abnormal thirst related to the high glucose content of the blood and the kidney’s attempt to dilute it is called ________.
Polydipsia
Which test will furnish immediate feedback for a diagnosed diabetic who is preparing to eat a meal?
SMBG (Self monitoring blood glucose) fingerstick or CBG
A patient is receiving education prior to discharge and is questioning the route for the daily insulin injections. The nurse confirms the required injection route is ___________.
Subcutaneous injection
Which instructions will the nurse provide to a patient with diabetes to prevent injury to the feet?
Avoid going barefoot and always wear shoes with soles
In which manner will the nurse administer insulin to prevent lipohypertrophy?
At room temperature
A clinical manifestations of diabetes includes increased food intake, which is:
Poyphagia
Foot care for the patient with diabetes mellitus includes which of the following practices?
Use warm water when washing feet
Cut toenails even with rounded contour of the toes, and no sharp edges
Report any skin or feet infections immediately to physician
Dry feet gently by patting area with a dry towel, paying attention to areas in between the toes
The nurse is giving long-acting insulin to her patient once daily. The patient questions why she is receiving the insulin only once per day and is concerned it will not control her glucose level. The nurse explains that this type of insulin provides coverage for 24 hours and the blood sugar will be monitored ac and hs, with sliding scale insulin ordered, if needed. The insulin used in this patient daily injection is:
Lantus
The health care provider orders an 1800-calorie diabetic diet and 40 units of NPH insulin subcutaneously daily for a patient with diabetes mellitus. For which reason will a mid-afternoon snack of milk and crackers be given?
To prevent hypoglycemia
The nurse cautions the patient who is being instructed on self-medication with insulin to be aware that there are 25-, 30-, 50-, and 100-unit syringes. How is the 100-unit syringe marked?
1-unit increments
The patient is a 20-year-old college student who has type 1 diabetes and normally walks each evening as part of an exercise regimen. The patient plans to enroll in a swimming class. Which adjustment will the nurse suggest to the patient based on this information?
Monitor glucose level before, during, and after swimming to determine the need for alterations in food or insulin
Which diagnostic test for diabetes mellitus provides a measure of glucose levels for the previous 8 to 12 weeks?
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
The nurse discovers a patient with type I diabetes drowsy and tremulous, the skin is cool and moist, and the respirations are 32 and shallow. The nurse recognizes the patient is having which type of reaction and quickly provides which intervention?
Hypoglycemic reaction; give 6 oz of orange juice
Complications of diabetes mellitus impact all body systems. Select the appropriate responses.
Circulatory impairment related to damaged blood vessels
Cardiovascular impairment to include heart disease and stroke
Erectile dysfunction
Retinopathy
Lispro has an onset of action within how many minutes?
15 minutes
Which disorder is a long-term chronic complication of diabetes mellitus?
Renal failure
___________ may be experienced by a diabetic patient. It is defined as decreased sensation or any abnormal condition of the peripheral nerves. This condition increases the danger of ulcers and other abnormal lesions developing into gangrene.
Neuropathy
Rotation of appropriate injection sites for proper insulin administration includes which appropriate site locations?
Anterior aspect of the thigh
Abdomen, at least 2 inches away from navel
Lateral aspect of the thigh
The nurse is providing teaching to a patient with type I Diabetes Mellitus. The teaching will include which information regarding the early signs of hypoglycemia?
Hunger and tremors
The health care provider prescribes glyburide for a patient, when diet and exercise have not been able to control type 2 diabetes. Which information will the nurse reinforce in the teaching plan about this medication?
It is thought to stimulate insulin production and increase sensitivity to insulin at receptor sites It is thought to stimulate insulin production and increase sensitivity to insulin at receptor sites
My plate food planning tool includes use of a 9 inch plate and the following instructions:
50 % nonstarch vegetables, 25% lean proteins or plant-based protein options, 25% carbohydrates
Increased hunger and food consumption may occur in a patient with Type I Diabetes Mellitus. The term to define the increased hunger and consumption of food is _________.
Polyphagia
A patient has been evaluated by his physician and has been diagnosed with an illness that is defined as having an absence of insulin, due to the pancreas not producing insulin. This diagnosis is:
Diabetes Mellitus type 1
The physician prescribes glucophage (metformin) for a 57-year-old patient with DM Type 2 when diet and exercise have not been able to control his diabetes. What should the nurse include in her education, to the patient, about this medication?
It reduces glucose production thereby enhancing glucose transport into the cell
The following is correct when mixing insulins in the same syringe for administration:
Draw up short-acting insulin first, then proceed to the long-acting insulin for the second draw