DNA Replication
How are DNA strands read?
5' to 3'
What is a gene?
A section of DNA that codes for a protein.
DNA :CTA
mRNA?
Amnio acid?
CTA
GAU
Asp (Aspartic Acid)
During what phase does DNA replicate?
Interphase S-Phase
What is the Start codon and its amino acid?
AUG---> Met (methionine)
Which enzyme separates the two DNA strands?
Helicase
What is the name for a sequence of 3 nucleotides that code for an amino acid? (the building blocks of proteins)
CODON
Helicase unzips the DNA. RNA Polymerase comes and starts coding mRNA. once mRNA is made then it leaves the Nucleus.
What Step was just described?
Transcription
What are the reasons that cell division happens in multicellular organisms?
Growth Repair and Reproduction
mRNA is made of codons that attaches to tRNA based on their what?
anti-codon
What reads DNA strands to find its complimentary bases?
DNA Polymerase
What do proteins do?
Determine traits like eye color
mRNA finds a ribosome in the cytoplasm. The start codon calls for the first tRNA to bring Methionine to it. The tRNA will bond its anti-codon to the codon. The tRNA will wait for the next amino acid before leaving. The amino acids bond together with polypeptide bonds to start a protein chain. Soon the protein will form and leave the ribosome.
What step was just described?
Translation
In RNA, A always pairs with ____?
U
Uracil
What is the structure tRNA made up of?
amino acid on top
anti-codon on bottom
True or false: After DNA replication is complete, there are two new DNA molecules; one molecule has both original strands and one molecule has two new strands of DNA.
False
DNA replication uses existing DNA as a template to make new DNA. What is the vocabulary term?
Semiconservative
Transcription: In the nucleus
Translation: In a ribosome in the cytoplasm or the rough ER
What are the three types of RNA?
What are the 3 stop codons?
UAA
UAG
UGA
What is the product of DNA replication?
2 identical daughter strands
One of two or more versions of a genetic sequence at a particular region on a chromosome. An individual inherits two {Blank} for each gene, one from each biological parent.
Allele
What type of functions do proteins have for the cell? Why are they important?
Proteins are the main building block for how traits show up in organisms.
Proteins are responsible for almost all functions of cell life.
Proteins are the first to receive a signal from the environment and then communicate it to the cell membrane.
How is RNA different from DNA?
RNA is single-stranded, uses Uracil, and has ribose sugar.
OG: AGG GAU GCA
Mutation: AGG AAU GCA
What type of mutation is this? Use codon wheel
OG: LYS VAL ALA
MUT: LYS ASN ALA
Mutation: Missense (substitution)