Infection
The 3 parts of the infection Triad
host, agent, environment
What two infections are caused by overgrowth of normal flora?
C.Diff and yeast
caused by the energy required for radiation
radiation treatment fatigue
What is sleep apnea who is at risk
periods of apnea-not breathing, snores, obesity, thick neck, fatigue during day
What is a promoter?
*Bonus-100* one of the most common promoters
Promoters are substances that are not carcinogenic by themselves but when combined with a known carcinogen, can lead to cancer development at a faster rate.
*alcohol
Two populations at highest risk of infection
young and elderly
Two types of immunity
Bonus 100*-an example of each
Innate and adaptive
breastmilk antibodies, vaccines
What does PSA stand for and test for?
Prostate Specific Antigen, prostate cancer
Laryngectomy and Tonsillectomy nursing considerations
Swelling, breathing, bleeding, infection, good oral care, provide pain relief, ice
Varicella zoster is known as what and what are some symptoms (at least 2)
shingles
pain, rash, itching, burning, low grade fever
Three types of isolation
airborne, droplet, contact
3 symptoms of systemic infections
myalgia, anorexia, malaise, headache, fever, diaphoresis, chills
Ovarian cancer tumor marker
CA-125
One key nursing intervention for COPD oxygenation
O 2 should be titrated to maintain an oxygen saturation of 88% to 92%. COPD patients have adjusted to chronic hypoxia and to high carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) levels
Identify the 3 criteria for cancer staging
T- primary tumor
N-nodes affected
M-metastasis
Higher the number, the worse the prognosis
Name 4 of the 6 categories of microorganisms.
Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa, Fungi, Heminths, Prions
redness, heat, swelling, pain
Name 3 risk factors for leukemia
• Down syndrome
• Exposure to excessive radiation
• Exposure to benzene (unleaded gas)
• HTLV-1 infection
• Philadelphia chromosome
Two main purposes of a chest tube
Provide for drainage of air and blood from within the pleural cavity.
Allow for gradual re-expansion of the lung.
7th most common cancer, more common in men than women
Bonus 200* where do tumors occur?
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
NHL tumors can occur in the brain, respiratory system, spleen, GI tract, bone, or other parts of the body.
These ingest and detroy pathogens_____
by a process of ________
macrophages, phagocytosis
A nurse caring for a patient with C.Diff will utilize was precautions and specifically do what after care?
Bonus 100* Educate patient to use what?
Contact and wash with soap and water
Bleach to clean at home
Name 5 potential problem statements related to cancer patients
• Altered nutrition due to increased metabolic demand from disease, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or mucositis
• Potential for infection due to bone marrow depression
• Pain, acute or chronic, due to effects of the tumor on body structures or due to cancer therapy
• Altered skin integrity due to surgical or radiation therapy
• Altered body image due to weight loss or hair loss
• Potential for injury to patient, staff, and visitors due to exposure to a radioactive implant
• Altered physical mobility due to restricted activity secondary to a radioactive implant
• Diarrhea and dehydration due to effects of cancer treatment
• Constipation due to effects of chemotherapy
• Altered urinary elimination due to radiation therapy or secondary to effects of chemotherapy
• Fatigue
• Insufficient knowledge of drugs and their potential side effects
• Altered self-care ability due to weakness and fatigue
• Fear of dying
• Limited coping due to the significance of cancer
• Altered family coping due to anxiety over the patient’s prognosis
What is TB treatment?
Treatment of active TB consists of at least four drugs for an extended period of time.
ØRifamate, which contains rifampin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH), and Rifater, which contains RIF, INH, and pyrazinamide (PZA).
over 6-9 months DIRECT OBSERVED THERAPY
SLE is what kind of disease and give 3 symptoms
Autoimmune
Painful or swollen joints and muscle pain
Extreme fatigue
Unexplained fever
Red rash usually on the face (malar rash or butterfly rash)
Loss of hair
Sensitivity to the sun
Weakness and profound fatigue
Mouth ulcers, poor appetite, weight loss,
Abnormal menses
Edema and swollen glands