Reflexes
____ muscle fiber type is abundant in glycogen
fast twitch type IIa
This syndrome is marked by ptosis, anhidrosis, miosis, and facial vasodilation due to disrupted sympathetic innervation; it most often involves fibers from T1-T2
What is Horner syndrome?
This syndrome common in mitochondrial diseases manifests with severe ptosis and external eye muscle weakness impairing eye movements.
What is chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO)?
positive mecA indicates this type of infection
MRSA
Rocuronium is an example of this type of neuromuscular blocking agent
what are non-depolarizers
Injury to this cranial nerve causes a diminished jaw jerk reflex
C.N. V (trigeminal n.)
This idea explains how bones adapt in response to mechanical stress and is disrupted in children with Rickets, a disease causing softened bones, often leading to bowing of the legs and other deformities
What is Wolf’s law?
This X-linked recessive disorder is characterized by an absence of dystrophin, causing progressive muscle weakness that begins in early childhood and usually leads to wheelchair dependence before age 16.
What is Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
This drug is used to treat s. pyogenes
What is Penicillin/ Amoxicillin (Macrolides if allergy)
This disease is caused by auto antibodies against voltage gated Ca++ channels
What is Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome?
An injury to this nerve causes a diminished achilles reflex
what is Tibial n. (S1)
These rami are myelinated axons that carry preganglionic fibers from the spinal nerve to the sympathetic system.
What are white rami?
Common early symptoms of Becker muscular dystrophy include cramping during exercise and difficulty with these two actions involving leg muscles.
What are walking and climbing stairs?
This condition, often described by shiny raised erythema is caused by a GAS infection in upper dermis
What is erysipelas
Cholinesterase inhibitors can be used to treat this disease as well as being used as a reversal for NMBAs
What is Myasthenia Gravis?
during surgery, a patient presents with hypercarbia and calcium accumulation after being given a depolarizing NMBA should be given this medication
what is Dantrolene
What is the organelle dysfunctional in the disease that results from excessive apoptosis of neural crest cells? What is the disease?
What are ribosomes and Treacher Collins Syndrome?
This phenomenon, seen in McArdle’s disease, describes the improvement in exercise tolerance after about 5 to 10 minutes of activity when muscle switches to alternative energy sources.
What is the 'second wind' phenomenon?
S. epidermidis is coagulase ___
what is negative
A myasthenia gravis patient complains of shortness of breath. They should be checked for a tumor of which organ (due to its high association with MG)
what is thymus
This reflex is affected by posterolateral disk herniation between the C5 and C6 vertebra
What is biceps brachii
An athlete reports leg weakness while running during his warm up and then improvement once they start to ride a bicycle for their next work out activity. What spinal myopathy may be the culprit? Bonus point for etiology
What is lumbar spinal stenosis? And what is pinching of the lateral recess?
This muscle disease mainly affects people over 50 and presents with asymmetrical weakness, especially in finger flexors and quadriceps, causing difficulty gripping and rising from chairs.
What is Inclusion Body Myositis?
The organism that causes scarlet fever is catalase ______
What is negative
After being exposed to insecticide a patient presents with weakness, hyperthermia, and fasciculation due to inhibition of this enzyme in the NMJ
What is Acetocholinesterase