Pathophys
Endogenous opioids bind these receptors and modulate pain transmission
Mu, delta, kappa
The opioid triad
Miosis, sedation, respiratory depression
receptor most responsible for analgesic effects and euphoria
Mu
this non-selective NSAID has anti-inflammatory-, analgesic-, antipyrectic-effects.
Diclofenac (Cataflan/Voltaren)
5 goals of general anesthesia
unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, inhibition of autonomic reflexes, and relaxation of skeletal muscle
Primary afferent neuron originates in the periphery and carries pain signals to what spinal column portion?
the dorsal horn
There are (3) endogenous peptides that have opioid like pharmacologic properties
endorphins, enkephalins, dynorphins
the hallmarks of acute inflammation
neutrophils
using these 2 non-selective NSAIDs together can increase CV risk in patients
Ibuprofen & ASA
The ideal surgical stage of general anesthesia (Guedel's signs)
stage III
Occurs when immune cells are activated in response to foreign organisms, antigenic substances, or injury in general
inflammatory response
mechanism by which methadone provides pain relief in opioid tolerant patients
NDMA antagonism
while not very good at analgesia, codeine can be used as
an antitussive
Nambutone has a half life greater than 24hrs, but this other nonselective NSAID has a half life of 50-60!
Oxaprozin (Daypro)
Propofol's role in anesthesia
first line agent used commonly in induction
prostaglandins are produced locally by
brain endothelial cells
ADR of meperidine
tachycardia
time ASA antiplatelet effects last
8-10 days
Rare ADRs of naproxen (aleve)
allergic pneumonitis, vasculitis, pseudoporphyria
Agent given to aid in malignant hypothermia
dantrolene
local anesthetics bind to the receptor at this voltage gated channel, preventing initiation of an action potential
voltage gated Na+ channel
oxycodone when combined with this OTC analgesic yields percocet, better make educate your patients on the high abuse potential!
acetaminophen
This non-selective NSAID is both oral and IV effective in PDA in preterm infants
Ibuprofen (motrin, advil)
Chronic use of Ketorolac (toradol) can lead to these ADRs
Renal toxicity, high bleed risk
Though it has minimal respiratory depression, this NDMA inhibitor will cause HTN
Ketamine