Internal Medicine Grab Bag
This drug works by inhibiting the enzyme 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, thereby inhibiting the synthesis of cortisol.
What is trilostane (Vetoryl)?
In IDDM (Type I DM), these cells fail to produce adequate amounts of insulin. This is the most common cause of DM in dogs.
What are pancreatic beta-cells?
Azotemia typically occurs in dogs and cats when approximately this percentage of total nephrons have been lost or injured.
What is 75%?
This biochemical test estimates average blood glucose concentrations over a two-week period. It is often used to determine overall glycemic control.
What is fructosamine?
Ingestion of this sweet-tasting nephrotoxin causes a high anion gap metabolic acidosis, often followed by calcium oxalate monohydrate crystalluria and acute renal failure.
What is ethylene glycol?
Levels of this serum value, used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in dogs and cats, can be lowered in patients with muscle mass loss.
What is serum creatinine?
In patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, constant rate infusions of this short-acting type of insulin are used to maintain euglycemia until the patient is able to eat and receive intermediate- or long-acting insulins.
What is regular insulin?
These uroliths preferentially form from crystal precipitation in alkaline urine, and are frequently associated with urinary tract infection in dogs.
What are struvite (triple phosphate, magnesium ammonium phosphate) uroliths?
Molidustat (Varenzin) and darbepoetin (Aranesp) are drugs indicated for the treatment of this condition, a common complication of chronic kidney disease in cats.
What is non-regenerative anemia?
This long-acting injectable hormone is used as a form of mineralocorticoid replacement therapy in patients with hypoadrenocorticism.
What is desoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP, Percorten, Zycortal)?
Microcytosis and hypochromasia are characteristic of this type of regenerative anemia.
What is iron deficiency (from external blood loss)?
This is the name of the flash glucose monitoring device that measures interstitial glucose concentrations. It has been recently modified for use in dogs and cats, and is currently used on diabetic patients in our ICU.
What is the FreeStyle Libre?
A "Texas GI Panel" includes assays for serum folate, serum cobalamin, pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity, and an assay for this test, the test of choice to diagnose exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
What is TLI (trypsin-like immunoreactivity)?
This test can be used to diagnose hyperadrenocorticism AND hypoadrenocorticism. It involves collection of a serum cortisol sample one hour after IV administration of a synthetic pituitary hormone.
What is the ACTH stimulation?
This laxative can be administered either orally or via enema to manage constipation/obstipation in cats or to facilitate intestinal ion trapping in the medical management of hepatic encephalopathy.
What is lactulose?
This synthetic drug is used as a choleretic in patients with liver disease. The natural form was first obtained from the bile of the Black bear.
What is Ursodiol (ursodeoxycholic acid)?
This long-acting insulin commonly used in cats is a liquid at acidic pH, but crystallizes at physiologic pH, providing an extended duration of action. It is made by the substitution of glycine for asparagine and addition of arginine molecules to human insulin.
What is glargine (Lantus, Toujeo)?
Values on a standard serum chemistry that can be used as indirect liver function tests (or psuedofunction tests) include albumin, cholesterol, glucose, and this value, a by-product of ammonia metabolism.
What is urea (blood urea nitrogen)?
Pseudoaddison's, or electrolyte derangements that mimic hypoadrenocorticism, can be caused by severe infestations with this canine intestinal parasite.
What are whipworms (Trichuris vulpis)?
Diseases that can cause systemic hypertension include chronic kidney disease, hyperadrenocorticism, hyperthyroidism, and this tumor of the adrenal medulla.
What is pheochromocytoma?
This class of bactericidal antibiotic works by inhibiting DNA gyrase, and has been associated with retinal degeneration in cats, and cartilage defects in dogs at high doses.
What are fluoroquinolones?
This is the name given to the controversial concept of high morning blood glucose in response to excess insulin and hypoglycemia. It is named after the Hungarian biochemist who first described the phenomenon in 1922.
What is the Somogyi effect (or post hypoglycemic hyperglycemia)?
The Snap cPL, Spec cPL, and Precision PSL are all serum tests used to estimate the concentration of this enzyme, an indicator of canine pancreatitis.
What is canine pancreatic lipase?
This intermediate-acting brand of porcine insulin zinc is the only form of insulin that is FDA-approved for use in dogs and cats.
What is Vetsulin?
Secondary disorders associated with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) include esophagitis, aspiration pneumonia, and this "sliding" condition often involving the gastric cardia.
What is hiatal hernia?