Chemical Changes
This term means the total chemical changes in a cell.
The Kreb's cycle takes place here in the cell.
What is a mitochondrion?
The hereditary material of the cell.
What is DNA?
Cells spend most of their cycle in this phase.
What is interphase?
In this stage of mitosis, chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell.
What is metaphase?
This term means a cell with half the set of chromosomes.
What is haploid?
Down syndrome is an example of a ___________ disorder. Also called, Trisomy 21, it is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
What is genetic?
This term is the unit of measurement for energy.
What are calories?
This is the most common substance broken down aerobically to produce ATP.
What is glucose?
Most of the ATP produced by cellular respiration occurs in this step.
What is the electron transport chain?
These are unwound strands of chromosomes as visible threads in the nucleoplasm.
What is chromatin?
When we cut a finger, cells are ____________ and replaced by mitosis.
What is repaired?
This term means a a cell with a full set of chromosomes.
What is diploid?
Meiosis, meaning "to make less", is this kind of division.
What is a reduction division?
What are carcinogens?
This is an energy-requiring process that builds larger molecules from smaller molecules.
What is anabolism?
The first step in the anaerobic breakdown of glucose is known as ____________.
What is glycolysis?
The net gain of ATP molecules produced by cellular respiration.
What is 38?
This is a sequence of nitrogen base pairs (nucleotides) that code for proteins.
What is a gene?
Sister chromatids are attached to one another at the ____________.
What is centromere?
In this stage of mitosis, sister chromatids are pulled away from each other toward opposite poles.
What is anaphase?
A pair of homologous chromosomes each consisting of two sister chromatids is called this.
What is a tetrad?
Males who have an extra X chromosome (47, XXY) have this syndrome.
What is Klinefelter's syndrome?
Catabolism is an ______________-________________ process that breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones.
What is energy-releasing?
Glucose is a simple sugar, also known as a simple ____________.
What is carbohydrate?
Oxygen is the ultimate _____________________.
What is electron acceptor?
DNA duplicates during this substage of Interphase.
What is S1 (Synthesis 1)?
Define cleavage furrow.
What is: the indentation of the cell membrane during cytokinesis?
In this final stage of mitosis, two nuclear membranes reform.
What is telophase?
This term means the development of eggs.
What is oogenesis?
This genetic disorder causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that appear in midlife.
Cellular metabolism and biochemical respiration are both synonymous terms for what process?
This process is yeast cells is a type of anaerobic respiration.
What is fermentation?
Anaerobic respiration in human muscle cells leads to the build up of this acid, causing muscle fatigue.
What is lactic acid?
Radioactive materials and x-rays can cause these in DNA by disrupting exact copying of the nucleotide sequence.
What are mutations?
This phase in the cell cycle means the division of the cytoplasm to create two separate cells. Spell the answer.
What is cytokinesis?
In this first stage of mitosis, chromosomes shorten and thicken.
What is prophase?
This term means fertilized egg.
What is zygote?
This congenital abnormality is caused by a defected gene on Chromosome 1 and results in premature, accelerated aging.
What is Progeria?