Chapters 1-2: Collecting and Visually Summarizing Data
In any statistical study, we observe how these two variables are related to one another.
What are explanatory and response variables?
When calculating a sample standard deviation, rather than divide by the sample size, we divide by this quantity.
What are the degrees of freedom?
Suppose you have a least-squares regression line of y = 2x + 1. If x = 3, you would expect y to be approximately this amount.
What is y = 7?
The closer P(E) is to this amount, the more likely an event E is to occur.
What is 1?
"Well, my friends, the time has come
"Raise the roof and have some fun
"Throw away the work to be done
"Let the music play on
"Everybody sing, everybody dance
"Lose yourself in wild romance"
What is "All Night Long (All Night)?"
Consider a sample of size n from a population of size N. This sampling method occurs when every possible sample of size n has an equally likely chance of occurring.
What is simple random sampling?
The five-number summary of a set of data includes the minimum value, the first quartile, the third quartile, the maximum value, and this quantity.
What is the median?
The closer the correlation coefficient is to this quantity, the less evidence there is of a linear relation.
What is 0?
When flipping a coin twice in a row, this is the complement of the event E = {HH, TT}.
What is EC = {HT, TH}?
"I can see it in your eyes
"I can see it in your smile
"You're all I've ever wanted
"And my arms are open wide
"'Cause you know just what to say
"And you know just what to do
"And I want to tell you so much
"I love you"
What is "Hello?"
The effects of this type of explanatory variable cannot be distinguished from a second explanatory variable in a given study.
This measure of central tendency is not resistant.
What is the mean?
A least-squares regression line minimizes the sum of these values on a scatterplot.
What are residuals?
According to the Empirical Method, we can use this quantity regarding an event E to estimate the probability of E.
What is relative frequency?
"So hard to see
"That a woman like you could wait around for a man like me
"Guess I'm on my way
"Mighty glad you stayed"
What is "Stuck on You?"
This type of bar graph has bars drawn in decreasing order of frequency or relative frequency.
What is a Pareto chart?
According to the Empirical Rule, approximately this percentage of data in a normal distribution lies within two standard deviations of the mean.
What is 95%?
A correlation coefficient of 0.5 means that this percentage of the variation in the given data is explained by the least-squares regression line.
What is 25%?
Mutual exclusivity refers to events that occur simultaneously, while this refers to events that occur one after another.
What is independence?
"My love
"There's only you in my life
"The only thing that's right"
What is "Endless Love?"
What is skewed right?
To find outliers in a set of data, multiply this quantity by 1.5 and either subtract from the first quartile or add to the third quartile.
What is the interquartile range?
A scatterplot with a correlation coefficient of r = -0.91 has this type of linear relation.
What is strong negative?
This is the probability of drawing two face cards (jack, queen, or king) in a row without replacement.
What is 11/221?
"So you think you know the answers - Oh no
"'Couse the whole world has got you dancing
"That's right - I'm telling you
"It's time to start believing - Oh yes
"Believing who you are, you are a shining star"
What is "Say You, Say Me?"