Vocab
This term refers to the leaf-like structures of a seaweed plant
What are the blades?
This refers to the stem-like structures of seaweeds
What are stipes?
This pigment evolved in brown algae and helps them absorb more light energy and increases their rate of photosynthesis
What is fucoxanthin?
This term refers to the root-like structures of seaweeds
What is the holdfast?
This group of macroalgae produces roughly 20% of oxygen in earth's atmosphere
What is brown algae?
This is the major job of pneumatocysts
What is 'to keep plants buoyant and close to the surface so they can maximize photosynthetic rates?'
These are the two formal terms for seaweeds
What is 1) macro algae and 2) marine algae?
This specific pigment gives red algae its coloration
What is phycoerythrin?
This is what allows red algae to photosynthesize at deeper depths than most seaweeds
What is the use of pigments that can specifically absorb blue wavelengths of light?
This is the fastest-growing species of algae AND where this type of seaweed is found
What is 1) Giant Bladder Kelp and 2) is found in shallow waters from temperate to polar locations?
This term refers to a general class of pigments that are more efficient at absorbing the red and blue portions of the visible light spectrum
What are phycobilins?
List the three major types of non-flowering, marine multicellular primary producers
What is 1) Green algae (Chlorophyta), 2) Red algae (Rhodophyta), and 3) Brown algae (Phaeophyta)?
Briefly explain why kelp forests are an important ocean ecosystem
What is 'because they provide habitat for many different organisms, spawning ground, shelter from predators, and support high levels of biodiversity?'
All multicellular primary producers belong to this domain
What is domain Eukarya?
South Carolina contains roughly 500,000 acres of this type of habitat
What salt marsh ecosystems?
This is the general significance of the Sargasso sea
What is 'it is the only sea that is not bordered by any land mass; defined only by ocean currents; important spawning and nursery habitat for many marine organisms?'
These form the horizontal root system of seagrasses
What are rhizomes?
This group of marine flowering plants is the only group that can tolerate full submergence in seawater
What are seagrasses?
These are the scientific names for all three types of macroalgae studied in this unit
What are 1) Chlorophyta (green algae), 2) Rhodophyta (red algae), and 3) Phaeophyta (brown algae)?
List three key vitamins and three minerals found in seaweeds
What are 1) vitamins A, B, B2, B12, C, D, E and K, and 2) calcium, iron, iodine, magnesium, potassium, fluorine, copper, manganese, selenium, and phosphorus?
These marine flowering plants produce both pollen and seeds
What are the seagrasses?
List four specific ecosystem services provided by mangrove forests (as discussed in class)
What is 1) natural barrier against sea level rise, 2) helps control storm surge/floods from hurricanes, 3) store ten times more carbon than terrestrial forests, and 4) support 80% of all economically important fish species?
List three important uses of red algae in general (human and natural uses)
What are 1) food for animals and humans, 2) important primary producer, 3) medicinally for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulatory properties?
List three of the most important seaweed extracts discussed in class and what type of seaweed it is extracted from
What is 1) algin (extracted from brown algae), 2) carrageenan (extracted from red algae), and 3) agar (extracted from red algae)?
List the three major lines of evidence that support the evolution of all terrestrial plants from green algae
What is 'because green algae 1) use chlorophylls to photosynthesize, 2) store excess energy as starch, and 3) have cell walls made out of cellulose - all of which are the same as in terrestrial plants?'