Time Periods
This time period began with the fall of the Roman Empire, and saw the very beginnings of notated chant in the Christian church
Middle Ages/Medieval Period
In this country in the seventeenth century, all musical activity in the Royal Court served to glorify the king and the aristocracy
France
The style of organum developed in this cathedral was highly ornate, just like the architecture of the cathedral itself
Notre Dame
The very first form of Western musical notation
Over time, medieval church music went from being monophonic to ____________.
polyphonic
This time period was considered a "rebirth" or "reawakening” of European culture after Middle Ages, and is most closely associated with the philosophy humanism
The European Renaissance
This genre of music was written and standardized around the year 800, in order to create uniformity in Christian worship under King Charlemagne
Gregorian chant
This theory of harmony is rooted in the natural phenomenon of the overtone series
Functional (or tonal) harmony
Predating the piano, it is a keyboard instrument that makes sound by plucking a string
Harpsichord
During the Renaissance, there was a growing trend of vocal music in __________ rather than Latin.
vernacular languages
Baroque
This country, after inventing its own form of Protestantism so that its king could get a divorce, fluctuated between Protestant and Catholic rulers throughout much of the 16th century
England
This country, due to its proximity to North Africa/the Middle East and its colonization of much of the Americas, had a distinctive musical style in the Baroque period characterized by syncopation, dances, and its use of the guitar
Spain
This invention led to a new market for sheet music for amateurs
Movable-type printing press
Over time, opera transitioned from being private entertainment for aristocrats to ____________.
public entertainment
Many aspects of European culture, philosophy, and music through the 1700s were influenced by an interest in these older societies
Ancient Greece and Rome
17th and 18th century philosophies about the relationship between an individual and their society, or government, are mirrored in this genre
Solo concerto
This genre of music, developed for Protestant worship settings, was characterized by simple, repetitive melodies, stanzas, regular rhythms, and vernacular language that an entire congregation could participate in
Lutheran chorale
This 14th-century invention coincided with the development of music notation that could visually represent precise rhythms
Mechanical clock
From the early to the late Middle Ages, rhythms became increasingly _____________.
complex
This major event in fourteenth-century Europe caused many people to question the legitimacy of religious authority for the first time
Bubonic Plague OR Great Western Schism
Little "wiggles" in the melodies of French instrumental baroque music
Ornaments
This term refers both to the bass line and harmonic progression in a piece of baroque music--and also the group of instruments that play it
basso continuo
thirds, sixths, and triads