People
This multi-talented benedictine abbess composed (and championed) 12th-century chant using idiosyncratic styles and tons of fifths
Who is Hildegard Von Bingen?
This term describes a collection of pitches is the structural basis for chant. There are eight kinds of these used in the medieval church
What is a mode?
This major writing has a large array of copies that vary in repertoire and genres that cover both distant and organum
What is Magnus Liber?
This king and Holy Roman Emperor established the presence of chant in the Christian church
Who is Charlemagne?
This first-century musical work remains the oldest surviving example of written musical notation.
What is the Epitaph of Seikilos?
This patroness was known for supporting Bernart de Ventadorn and the development of troubadour traditions
Who is Eleanor of Aquitaine?
Also known as Liturgy of the Hours, this prayer cycle functions as the structural core of the Church's day-to-day, especially within monasteries and convents.
What is the Divine Office?
Written anonymously, this 9th-century treatise established rules of polyphony and expectations for early forms of organum
What is Musica enchiriadis?
This type of chant and liturgical text changes based on the day of the year within the church calendar
What is Proper?
The earliest and southern-most of traveling secular singers, these individuals sang songs about love, chivalry, and political topics throughout Southern France
Who are Troubadours?
This early music scholar and author of De institution music believed that music (unlike math) has the power to "move the emotions."
Who is Boethius?
What is a neume?
This work by Boethius was foundational in understanding the meaning of harmonics and argued that music needed to be "understood" rather than simply "heard"
What is De Institution Music?
What is a sequence?
These 13th- and 14th-century German love singers exemplify the ongoing migration of secular songs throughout Europe
Who are the minnesingers?
This troubadour received patronage from Eleanor of Aquitaine and was a major player in the development of not only troubadour traditions, but the later trouvère music as well.
Who is Bernard de Ventadorn?
This three-stringed, bowed instrument resembles a lute, but has a slender neck and nasal timbre
What is a rebec?
This sacred musical drama written by Hildegard Von Bingen was written in verse and set to liturgical songs
What is Ordo Virtutum?
The second established university in Europe, this scholarly institution became closely tied to the Notre Dame School
What is the University of Paris (Sarbonne)?
This type of written collection or book preserved songs of troubadours and touvères
What are chansonniers?
This scholar and theorist from modern-day Italy developed a pitch system of precise notation that we still use today
Who is Guido of Arezzo?
In this type of 13th-century motet, each line contains its own rhythmic characteristics, yet is heard simultaneously
What is a Franconian motet?
This fifth-century written work by St. Augustine argued that musical modes had the capacity to stimulate emotion for even the "weak[est] of spirits"
What is Confessions?
This medieval instrument was used to perform drones in chant. It requires two people to play
What is a hurdy gurdy?
This famous collection of 420 Spanish and North African monophonic songs is often attributed to King Alfonso X and notably center the Virgin Mary
What are Cantigas de Santa Maria?