Behaviorism
A teacher gives a sticker every time a 1st grader keeps the steady beat for 30 seconds
What is positive reinforcement?
A teacher teaches a long melody by breaking it into 2-measure chunks/sections.
What is chunking?
Students figure out the answer by exploring instead of being told
What is discovery learning?
A student improves after watching another student demonstrate correctly
What is observational learning?
What is behaviorism?
A teacher removes a difficult written reflection assignment after students show excellent rehearsal focus all week.
What is negative reinforcement?
Students struggle with sight-reading because they can't process pitch, rhyth, and fingerings simultaneously.
What is cognitive load?
Students work in groups to plan how to perform a piece
What is collaboration/collaborative learning?
A teacher demonstrates how to hold mallets and students copy it
What is modeling
Jean Piaget
What is Cognitivism/Constructivism?
A student learns to freeze when the teacher raises a hand signal because it's paired with silence every day.
What is classical conditioning?
Students understanding the strategy they use to learn a solfege pattern
What is metacognition?
Students choose between composing, performing, or writing to show their learning
What is student choice (agency)?
A student improves faster when paired with a strong fellow classmate
What is peer learning?
Albert Bandura
What is social learning theory?
A teacher gives a consequence after a student throws a drumstick.
What is positive punishment?
A teacher reminds students what they already know before teaching something new
What is using prior knowledge?
Students write weekly journals about their progress
What is reflection?
A student says, "I can do this if I keep trying"
What is self-efficacy?
Jerome Bruner
What is cognitivism?
A student practices more because every few days the teacher randomly gives "musician of the day."
What is a variable interval reinforcement (schedule)?
A says, "I get it now!" after the teacher gives a clear explanation
What is making meaning?
A teacher asks questions to help students find the answer themselves
What is guided discovery?
A teacher tells students what to listen for before hearing a model recording
What is directing attention?
John Dewey
What is constructivism?