Terms in the Middle Ages
This musical technique is when voices rapidly alternate, each resting while the other sings
What is a hocket?
This Middle Ages double reed instrument is similar to an oboe
What is a shawm?
Most medieval songs are in this form, with several stanzas that are sung to the same melody
In the Middle Ages, this referred to an organization of professional artisans, craftspeople, or tradespeople
What is a guild?
This type of music made Medieval folks want to move their feet
What is estampie? (instrumental dance music)
This term refers to a Middle Ages text or song that is in the local language, and not in Latin
What is vernacular?
This instrument is a three-stringed fiddle with a rotating wheel turned by a crank
What is a hurdy-gurdy?
Although troubadour songs were written as unaccompanied melodies, pictures and other sources suggest that they were at least sometimes accompanied by these types of instruments
What are string instruments? (plucked or bowed string instruments)
Besides the Clergy and the Nobility, this class of people made up the largest group in the Middle Ages
Who are Commoners?
This form of English Polyphony goes round and round
What is a rota?
(Sumer is icumen in)
This term refers to an existing melody, often taken from a Gregorian chant, on which a new polyphonic work is based
What is cantus firmus?
This is a Medieval bowed string instrument, and a predecessor of the violin
What is a vielle?
This is the most common medieval instrument dance - it has several sections, each played twice with two different endings
What is the estampie?
In the Middle Ages, these folks were poet-composers of southern France who wrote monophonic songs in Occitan in the 12th or 13th century
Who are troubadours?
This piece of music from the Middle Ages includes isorhythm, which is repetition in a voice part (usually tenor) of an extended pattern of durations throughout a section or entire composition
What is Messe de Nostre Dame?
This term refers to the technique of voices trading phrases
What is voice exchange?
This Medieval instrument is played by plucking strings attached to a frame over a wooden sounding board
What is a psaltery?
This is a 14th century Italian poetic form and its musical setting, in which all the voices sing the same text, usually an idyllic, pastoral, satirical, or love poem
What is a madrigal?
This Medieval poet-composer (trouvere) wrote Jeu de Robin et Marion (The Play of Robin and Marion), in which the opening song, Robins m'aime, features Marion singing about Robin's love for her
Who is Adam de la Halle?
This example of Notre Dame Polyphony uses this style of text setting
What is melismatic?
(Viderunt Omnes by Leoninus and Colleagues)
In the Middle Ages, this term refers to a technique of substituting new words to an existing melody
What is contrafactum?
This Medieval instrument is a two-in-one combo: a high whistle played with one hand and a small drum played with the other hand
What is the pipe and tabor?
This term refers to a form of Medieval English polyphony in which two or more voices sing in a canon form
What is a rota?
This composer wrote Messe de Nostre Dame, which was the first polyphonic setting of the Mass Ordinary by a single composer
Who is Guillaume de Machaut?
This Medieval dance song in rondeau form features singers accompanied by these types of instruments
What is string instruments? [plucked and bowed string instrument]
(Robins m'aime)