Early Colonial Times
A system of government in which religious leaders rule in the name of God
What is a theocracy?
Secular music was more popular here
What is the South?
This consisted of "lining out" and was meant for parishioners who could not read music.
What is the Old Way?
In these, not only did members learn to sing, but they also could socialize!
What is the singing school?
Considered the father of American music education who dedicated himself to teaching singing and creating pedagogical exercises for teachers... and we'll learn more about him in the next chapter.
Who is Lowell Mason?
The Whole Booke of Psalmes Faithfully Translated into English Metre. Whereunto is prefixed a discourse declaring not only the lawfulness, but also the necessity of the heavenly Ordinance of Singing Scripture Psalmes in the Churches of God
What was referred to as the Bay Psalm Book?
Society was stratified here and only the wealthy could participate in music.
What is the South?
This way consisted of reading by music or singing by note.
What is the Regular Way?
This was a singing school that ended with a concert and a sermon.
What is a singing lecture?
Swiss educator whose influence was felt in American education and whose principles were adapted for music instruction.
Who is Johann Pestalozzi?
Unison singing of psalm tunes meant to unite the congregation and draw their thoughts heavenward
What is psalmody?
They believed in universal education
What is the North?
Most significant figure in American music education until 1820 and advocated for music literacy and wrote the first American textbook to teach congregationalists to read music.
Who is Reverend John Tufts of Newbury, Massachusetts?
This was a singing school that ended with a concert but no sermon.
What is a singing assembly?
This innovative notation system used a different shape for each of the four syllables but was eventually lost.
What are shape notes?
These were printed where the text would be in the psalm book to help the singers find the correct pitch.
What are solmization letters?
Music was not included in regular education here.
What is BOTH North and South? (Haha, trick question!)
In Tufts' book, An Introduction to the Singing of Psalm Tunes, he reinvented notation symbols and also introduced the practice of singing four syllables, which people called this.
What is fasola singing?
With the industrial revolution, tastes began to change and the singing school began to be regarded as unsophisticated and unrefined, or the music of...
What are country people?
Well-known New England composer who wrote Chester and Rules for Regulating a Singing School.
Who is William Billings?
Bonus: Originally a slave, he taught himself to read and sing and then began his own singing school in Rhode Island. He later obtained his freedom and was made a deacon of the Congregational Church.
Who is Newport Gardner?