Which of the following
Which of the following is NOT a type music we covered in this unit:
A) Tango
B) Controversia
C) Mapuche punk
D) Samba
B) Controversia
It is best to describe Triple T-DRIP terms like dynamic, pitch, and even timbre in terms of contrasts (or lack thereof)
True (generally)- usually not every voice for the entire listening sample stays at the same pitch, same dynamic, or has the same timbre- then in would just sound homogenous and static. Which voice sticks out? Why does it stick out? It probably has to do with dynamic, pitch, and/ or timbre.
What does the term "rioplatense" refer to?
From or related to the "rioplatense" region, which mainly encompasses Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay
A song and dance form coming out of Paraguay, which is often in a quick compound meter and often performed using the Paraguayan harp. Name based on Bohemian polka in the 19th century.
Paraguayan Polca.
What is this example?: https://youtu.be/3vBjykj6OmM?si=DbhLY_Fnd414kYy3.
“Pájaro Campana” (The Bell Bird) (~1949) by Félix Pérez Cardozo
Which of the following musics is NOT tied to the rioplatense region?
A) Candombé
B) Samba
C) Paraguayan polca
D) Milonga
B) Samba
The terms "quiet" or "loud" describe timbre in music
No- these terms describe dynamic
What is carnival?
Carnival is a pre-Lenten festival, often celebrated throughout Catholic-dominant nations and syncretized in different parts of Latin American with Afro-diasporic and indigenous cultural practices.
Afro-Brazilian music and dance originated from 20th century in Rio de Janeiro; became associated with carnival festivals. Defined by interlocking rhythmic patterns (often performed on a bateria), simple meter, and often accompanied by cavaquinho, guitar, and/or brass.
Samba!
What is this example? https://youtu.be/8vqohcvx7tA?si=luv3TrUxsuoTNoo6.
“Por una cabeza” (By a head) Carlos Gardel (1935)
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Paraguayan polca music?
A) Melodic phrases are short and syncopated
B) Compound meter
C) Strong associations with religious ceremonies
D) often features strumming in the guitar and arpeggiated chords in harp
C) Strong associations with religious ceremonies
True or false: berimbau is considered a membranophone
False: It would be considered a chordophone
What is a décima?
8-syllable lines arranged in 10-line stanzas; VERY idiomatic in many song forms throughout formerly Spanish-colonized nations in Latin America.
A sub-genre of punk dominantly found in Argentina and Chile, associated with indigenous resistance in the Southern Cone area
Mapuche Punk!
What is this example? https://youtu.be/g07xB0mlAmI?si=vnvhmcNQjYOeJ7Jk.
Samba! Specifically, “Um a um” (One by One) Escola de Samba Mocidade Independente de Padre Miguel (2005)
Which of the following is considered a "polyrhythmic" music?
A) Candomblé
B) Samba
C) Candombé
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
True or false: Tango originated in elite ballroom settings around the turn of the 20th century
False: Tango originated in arrabales (low-income neighborhoods) in Buenos Aires, Argentina and Montevideo, Uruguay at the turn of the 20th century
What does sesquiáltera mean?
3 vs. 2 feel; similar concept to (and for the purposes of our class interchangeable with) hemiola. (Think West Side Story's "America")
Religious practice from Brazil; assigns different rhythmic patterns, movements, clothes, and colors for different orixás to invite them into the terreiro space
Candomblé
What is this example? https://youtu.be/fsv70PPBbcA?si=ibxtYDgC_LLtTITy.
“Candombe Rhythms” (2006) Suarez/ Suarez/ Jimenez/ Larraura
Which of the following often prominently does NOT typically feature chordophones in its traditional form of performance?
A) Paraguayan polca
B) Tango
C) Candombé
D) Capoeira
C) Candombé
True or false: Candombé often features interjections of the clave rhythm
True! Usually played on the wooden side of the drum; this is called madera
What does desafinado mean, and in what context did we discuss it?
"Out of tune"; this was the term used by bossa nova critics in its early days to describe the unusual harmonies and dissonances in the music; became appropriated by bossa nova artists, perhaps most notably in João Gilberto's tune "Desafinado"
Criollo sentimental song form from Argentina; transitioned from the countryside to the cities in early 20th century. Often décimas in the song text, and lyrics are often deeply melancholic or nostalgic for gaucho life.
Milonga!
What is this example? https://youtu.be/ISY1pOK--wY?si=Lq4p-UPBQ8Ltiw9u.
Candomblé; "Akessia cantando para meu pai Omolú"