Microscopic muscle anatomy
Bonus
Gross anatomy of muscle
Muscle Functions
100

How do myofibrils contribute to the contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber?

sarcomeres within myofibrils contract.

100

What muscles do elbow flexion

biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis 

100

What role does the epimysium play in the overall structure of skeletal muscles?

continuous with tendon in indirect attachment

fused to periosteum of bone in direct attachment.

100

What are the four main functions of muscle 

1.Produce movement: responsible for all
locomotion and manipulation
2. Maintain posture and body position
3. Stabilize joints
4. Generate heat as they contract

200

Describe the arrangement of thick and thin filaments within a myofibril and explain how this structure supports muscle contraction.

actin and myosin overlap which is how cross bridging occurs.

200

What muscle adducts your arm in the transverseplane

Pec major

200

How are tendons related to the structure of skeletal muscles, and what is their role in transmitting muscle force to bones?

tendons connect muscle to bone and which allows muscle to pull on bone.

200

How do muscles assist in the movement of body fluids, such as blood or lymph, and which muscle types are involved in this process?

Skeletal muscles act as secondary pumps

Smooth muscles in artery wall contract to shunt blood flow

cardiac muscle pumps blood through the body

300

What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and how does it regulate calcium levels in muscle fibers?

store and release calcium ion

300

How many head to the triceps have and how many head do the biceps have?

3,2

300

What is the functional significance of having nerves and blood vessels interwoven throughout skeletal muscles?

innervate and nourish muscles

300

In what ways do muscle tissues help in generating heat, and why is this important for homeostasis?

Skeletal muscle contraction generates heat, arrector pilli smooth muscles make hairs stand on end
400

Explain how T tubules contribute to the rapid propagation of electrical signals within a muscle fiber.

t tubules carry impulses deep into the cell triggering the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium ions.

400

Why is the presence of a rich blood supply important for the function of skeletal muscles?

large need for oxygen as well as a large need to exchange other gases and waste products and nutrients.

400

What cell junctions enable smooth muscles to work as a coordinated unit during contraction?

(hint-think back to chapter 3)

Gap junctions

400

In what ways does muscle tissue protect internal organs, and which muscles provide this function?

Muscle protect and stabilize underlying structures such as visceral organs or joints. They do this by being able to contract and become more firm as well as put tension on areas which improves stability. 

500

How does the triad structure play a role in excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscles?

A triad consists of a t tubule bordered by two terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. As an impulse crosses through the t tubule it excites the SR and releases calcium ions.

500

How do muscles contribute to maintaining posture, and what muscle fiber types are involved?

mostly the muscles of your axial skeleton, using type 1 endurance fibers.

500

Describe the organization of a skeletal muscle, from its outermost connective tissue layer to its individual muscle fibers.

muscle, epimysium, perimysium which separates into fascicles, blood vessels and nerves, endomysium which separates muscle fibers. muscle fibers, myofibrils within muscle fibers.

500

Explain the difference between voluntary and involuntary contractions and give examples of why this is important for our body to function.

voluntary- conscious control

involuntary- controlled by autonomic nervous system

This allows you to move when your want and not have to worry about telling your heart to beat

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