Anatomy
Name the functions of the muscular system
Movement, posture, protection, temperature, etc.
What role do the mitochondria play in muscle contraction?
ATP
What are the three types of muscle fibers?
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
What is Rigor Mortis?
The post-mortem (post-death) stiffening/ rigidity of the body. It results from a decrease in levels of ATP.
How many muscles are there in your body?
Over 600
Name all types of muscle tissue
Smooth, Cardiac, Skeletal
These muscle fibers contract slowly, resist fatigue, and are best for endurance activities:
Slow-twitch fibers
What are tendons?
A flexible but inelastic cord of strong collagen tissue that attaches muscle to bone
What disease causes cholinesterase to not break down the acetylcholine in the synapse?
Tetanus
What is the strongest muscle in your body?
The masseter (jaw muscle)
What are the two types of filaments and describe?
Myosin (thick) and Actin (thin)
These muscle fibers produce powerful, quick contractions, but fatigue rapidly:
Fast-twitch fibers
What is ATP?
A molecule that stores and transfers energy within cells
What is a viral infection that can infect and destroy motor neurons, causing paralysis
Polio
What is the busiest muscle in your body
Eye muscles
Name and describe the 3 different layers of connective tissue
Epimysium - outermost layer surrounding the entire muscle
Perimysium - separates and surrounds the fascicles
Endomysium - surrounds each individual muscle fiber
This type of exercise uses oxygen to produce energy over long periods of time:
Aerobic exercise
What is lactic acid fermentation?
The process in which sugar makes cellular energy without oxygen
What is the genetic neurodegenerative disease that damages motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system?
ALS
How much of your total body weight do muscles make up?
40%
List the correct order of hierarchy
Muscle - Fascicles - Myofibrils - Myofilaments (actin and myosin)
What are all 5 steps of the sliding filament theory?
1. Signal travels down the motor neuron
2. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasm.
3. Actin changes shape
4. Cross-bridge forms
5. ATP creates a power stroke and shortens actin filaments
What are myofilaments?
Protein strands that generate muscle contraction
What is the group of genetic degenerative disorders that directly affects muscle tissue, causing it to atrophy?
Muscular dystrophy
What is the hardest-working muscle in your body?
The heart