Anterior
What two bones does the sternocleidomastoid connect to?
Sternum and Clavicle
Are muscles in the posterior region commonly used for flexion or extension?
Extension
Which muscle surrounds the eye? Orbicularis oculi or Orbicularis oris?
Orbicularis oculi
Where does a muscle contraction start?
The brain
What substance causes the actin to change shape?
Calcium
Which muscle is associated with giving you the "square" appearance?
Deltoids
Which muscle is associated with giving the "wing" appearance, if developed well?
Latissimus dorsi
What two groups are the head muscles categorized into?
Facial and chewing
What combination makes up a motor unit?
A motor neuron and skeletal muscle fiber
Where is calcium released from?
Sacroplasmic Reticulum
What is the deepest muscle of the abdominal wall?
Hint: Runs horizontally
Transversus abdominis
Which one adducts the thigh?
The gluteus medius or maximus?
Geuteus medius
What is the “smiling” muscle?
Zygomaticus
What filament slides inward and shortens, or contracts, the whole muscle?
Actin
What are the 2 filaments found in muscles?
actin & myosin
What muscles form the "anterior chain" and what is their primary function when acting together?
Biceps, pectoralis major/minor, abdominals, obliques, serratus anterior, and quadriceps; they act together to stabilize the spine and flex the body.
Where are the medial and lateral malleoli (plural) found?
Both sides of the ankle
What are two of the three muscles that enable us to chew?
Buccinator
Temporalis
Masseter
During an action potential, what ion leaves the cell and what ion leaves the cell?
Sodium enters the cell, and potassium leaves the cell.
How many layers are in smooth muscles, and how are they arranged?
2 layers, and they are arranged in sheets(Circularly and Longitudinally)
What are the four main quad muscles, and where are they on the thigh?
Vastus medialis- Inner
Vastus lateralis- Outer
Vastus intermedius- Middle (Superficial)
Rectus femoris- Middle (Deep)
Which hamstring nerve is most commonly associated with back pain from a lack of stretching?
Sciatic nerve
What is the most important facial muscle
It is responsible for chewing and is critical in life-threatening situations because, without it, you cannot chew. and the most powerful muscle in the body, based on its weight.
How do calcium ions initiate the sliding mechanism?
Calcium binds to tropomyosin, causing a conformational change that moves tropomyosin away from the active binding sites on the actin filament, permitting the myosin heads to bind.
Place the steps in the correct order
-Cross bridges form
-Signal travels down the motor neuron
-Calcium is released from the sarcoplasm
-ATP creates a power stroke, shortening the actin filament
-Actin changes shape
-Signal travels down the motor neuron
-Calcium is released from the sarcoplasm
-Actin changes shape
-Cross bridges form
-ATP creates a power stroke, shortening the actin filament