Anatomy and Structure
Name the three main layers of the skin
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
Name 3 functions of muscles
1) Movement
2) Temperature Regulation
3) Pumping Blood
4) Breathing
5) Protect Internal Organs
List two functions of the skin.
Protection
Heat Regulation
Sense of Touch
Produce Vitamin D
What common skin condition results from clogged pores and is especially prevalent in teenagers?
Acne (oil + dead skin clogging pores).
What muscle is #8?
Tricep
Identify the structure from which hair grows and name the protein hair is primarily made of.
Hair Follicle
Keratin
True or False: Cardiac muscle experiences fatigue while skeletal muscle does not experience fatigue.
False
What pigment-producing cells are located in the epidermis and what pigment do they produce?
Melanocytes
Melanin
Define tendonitis and explain one typical cause.
Inflammation of a tendon (connects muscle to bone), commonly from overuse or repetitive strain.
What muscle is #5?
Quadricep
What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament?
Tendon - Connects muscle to bone
Ligament - Connects bone to bone
A buildup of what substance in the muscles causes muscle fatigue?
Lactic Acid
Which immune cell destroys tattoo ink?
Macrophage
Compare first-, second-, and third-degree burns in terms of layers affected and typical signs/symptoms.
First degree: epidermis only, red/painful
Second degree: epidermis + part dermis, blisters, moist
Third degree: all skin layers, may destroy nerves, can appear white/charred, may be numb.
What muscle is #2?
What muscle is #7?
Pectorals
Trapezius
Name the layer that contains blood vessels, nerve fibers, oil glands, and sweat glands.
Dermis
Name each type of muscle and give an example of each.
Skeletal - Bicep
Smooth - Esophagus
Cardiac - Heart
What does sebum mean?
Oil
Describe cerebral palsy in terms of its cause and at least three possible effects on movement or function.
Result of brain injury (perinatal or early childhood) affecting motor control; may cause spasticity, poor coordination, speech problems, vision issues, seizures.
Indicate what the arrows are pointing at on the skin diagram.
Hair follicle
Oil (Sebaceous) Gland
Describe two differences between skeletal muscle tissue and smooth muscle tissue and cardiac muscle tissue in structure and control.
Skeletal - Striated, Voluntary
Cardiac - Some Striations, Involuntary
Smooth - No Striations, Many Nuclei, Involuntary
What are the three different types of muscle contractions? Name them and give a brief description.
Concentric: muscle shortening
Eccentric: muscle lengthening
Isometric: Stable muscles (no movement)
Why do we get goosebumps?
What make the hair stand up in the follicle?
Cold
Fight or Flight
Arrector Pili Muscles pull on hair
Give a brief explanation of Duchenne muscular dystrophy including the protein involved and the typical age of symptom onset.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy: X‑linked; lack of dystrophin; weakness begins ~3–5 years (mostly boys).
Indicate what the arrows are pointing at on the skin diagram.
Nerve
Blood Vessels
Sweat Gland