Definitions
Define a trait (and give an example)
A characteristic or feature
Why do we exercise?
To build muscle!!!!!!
Genes alter the trait?
True
Where are the chromosomes located in a cell?
The nucleus
Define variation (and give an example)
The differences in a trait
What protein is used to regulate muscle growth in cells and what types could there be?
Myostatin; Full and Partial Proteins
Genes alter variations in a trait?
False
(Alleles alter variations in a trait)
Chromosomes are passed down for most individuals through what process?
Sexual reproduction
Define a gene
The certain region on a chromosome that causes a certain protein to be made
What proteins are used to control our muscles contracting/relaxing and how do they work?
Actin and Myosin; Myosin pulls the Actin along when they slide past each other, making the muscle contract
Two typical muscled individuals can have a baby born with extra muscles.
False
(at least one parent would have to possess some muscle for that variation to be passed down to the offspring)
How many chromosomes in a cow's sperm or egg cell?
30 chromosomes
Define allele
different forms of a gene that cause different forms of a protein to be made, leading to a variation in a trait
How does protein help muscles growth? What do they do?
They fill in the torn muscle fibers and make them longer and thicker than before.
Different alleles make different proteins for different traits?
False
(Different GENES make different proteins for different traits)
How many chromosomes in a cow's body/muscle cell?
60 chromosomes (or 30 pairs)
What is the difference between a phenotype and a genotype?
Phenotype refers to the physical look of the organism while genotype refers to the genetic code of the organism
Find 2 differences between typical muscle cells and extra-big muscles cells
Extra-big muscle cells have:
- Bigger cells
- More cells
- More mass
- Takes up more area
Different alleles make different versions of the same protein?
True
What is a chromosome?
physical structures that are passed down from parents to offspring in egg/sperm cells