Muscle Tissue
Identify two types of involuntary muscle tissues.
Cardiac and smooth muscle tissue
Identify the name of the connective tissue sheath that surrounds each individual muscle fiber.
Endomysium
True or False: The A bands lengthens during muscle contraction.
False: The A band does not change length during muscle contraction.
_____________ make connections between the brain/spinal cord and skeletal muscle.
Motor neurons
Mrs. Trevino attempts to lift her car. What type of contraction is performed by her biceps muscle?
Isometric contraction
What does the prefix sarco mean?
Which muscle is extended when you lift a book off the table?
Triceps
What ion is responsible for binding to troponin and changing the orientation of tropomyosin?
Calcium
Identify the neurotransmitter released from the synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft.
ACh (acetylcholine)
What mechanism for ATP regeneration is the most efficient?
Phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate
What property of muscle tissue makes it like a rubber band?
Elasticity
The muscle attachment that is immovable or less movable is called the _________.
origin
True or false: ADP and phosphate are bound to myosin head during the power stroke.
False; nothing is bound to the myosin head during power stroke
What ion enters the axon terminal and causes the contents of the synaptic vesicles to be released into the synaptic cleft?
Calcium
What type of ATP regeneration leads to muscle cramping and fatigue?
Lactic Acid fermentation (anaerobic mechanism)
What is the function of smooth muscle?
To propel or force substances through internal body channels
Identify two regions of the sarcomere that shorten during muscle contraction.
H zone and I band
Deep in the skeletal muscle
What causes the sarcolemma to be depolarized?
Na moving into the skeletal muscle cell and K moving out
Write a simple equation for aerobic respiration. Using only words and a reaction arrow is okay.
glucose + oxygen ---> CO2 + water + ATP
List the 4 functions of muscles
Glycosomes (stored glucose) and myoglobin
What two factors lead to muscle relaxation?
1. Reuptake of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
2. ATP binds to the myosin head, causing cross-bridge detachment
ATP is used in active transport (against the concentration gradient) of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
What is the effect of aerobic exercise on the muscles?
more efficient muscle metabolism. NOT muscle growth or size of muscle