Muscle Basics
The four main functions of the muscular system.
What is movement, posture, heat production, and stabilizing joints?
These three layers of connective tissue surround and protect different parts of a muscle.
What are the epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium?
Each myosin head uses exactly this many ATP molecules per contraction cycle.
What is one?
This muscle group on the front of your thigh helps extend the leg.
What are the quadriceps?
During rigor mortis, this molecule is missing, preventing muscle fibers from relaxing.
What is ATP?
Excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity are known as these.
What are the four characteristics of muscle tissue?
These two types of protein filaments slide past one another to cause muscle contraction.
What are actin and myosin?
When the myosin heads pull the actin filaments toward the M-line, it’s called this.
What is the power stroke?
This large triangular muscle elevates the shoulders and moves the neck.
What is the trapezius?
The biceps and triceps are an example of this type of muscle pair.
What are antagonistic muscles?
This type of muscle is involuntary and non-striated, found in organs like the stomach.
What is smooth muscle?
Arrange these from smallest to largest: myofilament, muscle, fascicle, myofibril, muscle fiber.
What is myofilament → myofibril → muscle fiber → fascicle → muscle?
The burning sensation in muscles after intense exercise is caused by this condition.
What is oxygen debt or lactic acid buildup?
This muscle works opposite the biceps brachii to extend the arm.
What is the triceps brachii?
When performing a sit-up, this muscle acts as the prime mover.
What is the rectus abdominis?
This delicate connective tissue wraps around each individual muscle fiber.
What is the endomysium?
This is the smallest functional unit of a muscle fiber, found between two Z-lines.
What is a sarcomere?
This ion binds to troponin to expose the active sites on actin.
What is calcium?
This muscle runs vertically down the abdomen and forms the “six-pack.”
What is the rectus abdominis?
These muscles assist the prime mover by helping perform the same motion.
What are synergists?
These strong cords of connective tissue attach muscles to bones.
What are tendons?
These disc-like structures mark the boundaries between sarcomeres.
What are Z-lines or Z-discs?
This neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to trigger contraction.
What is acetylcholine?
This wide back muscle helps you pull objects toward your body.
What is the latissimus dorsi?
Athletes pause between sets to allow these two resources to recover.
What are oxygen and ATP?