Movement Disorder
Abnormally slow muscle movements. It is usually associated with Parkinson disease
bradykinesia
brad - ee - kih - NEE - zha
(page 438)
brady- = slow
kines/o = movement
-ia = condition
Loss of muscle bulk in one or more muscles. It is caused by lack of use or by paralysis.
atrophy
AT - roh - fee
(page 433)
Inflammation of the bursal sac because of repetitive muscle contractions or pressure on the bone underneath the bursa.
bursitis
ber - SY - tihs
(page 439)
Also known as a bruise. A condition in which blunt trauma causes bleeding in the muscle.
muscle contusion
con - TOO - shun
(page 434)
contus/o- = bruising
-ion = action, condition
Condition in which the muscle tears away from the tendon or the tendon tears away from the bone.
avulsion
ah - VUL - shun
(page 433)
a- = away
vuls/o- = tear
-ion = condition, action
An abnormally increased amount of muscle movements. It can be a side effect of a drug.
hyperkinesis
HY - per - kih - NEE - sihs
(page 438)
hyper- = above, more than normal
-kinesis = abnormal condition of movement
Commonly known as whiplash.
hyperextension-hyperflexion injury
hy - per - eks - TEN - shun hy - per - FLEK - shun
(page 434)
Inflammation of any tendon from injury or overuse.
tendinitis
ten - dih - NY - tihs
(page 440)
Painful but temporary condition with a sudden, severe, involuntary contraction of a muscle, often in the legs. Also known as a muscle cramp.
muscle spasm
(page 435)
Cancerous tumor in a muscle.
rhabdomyosarcoma
rab - doh - my - oh - sar - KOH - mah
(page 437)
rhabd/o- = rod shaped
my/o- = muscle
sarc/o- = connective tissue
-oma = mass, tumor
Small, involuntary, sometime jerky, back-and-forth movements of the hands, head, jaw, or extremities.
tremor
TREM - or
(page 438)
Overstretching or tearing of a muscle or its tendon, often due to physical overexertion.
muscle strain
(page 435)
Also known as tennis elbow.
Lateral epicondylitis
LAT - er - al eh - pih - con - dih - LY - tihs
(page 439)
epi - above, upon
condyl/o- = rounded prominece
-itis = inflammation
later/o- = side
-al = pertaining to
Severe blunt or crushing injury causes bleeding in the muscles of the arm or leg. The fascia acts as a compartment, holding in the accumulating blood. This increased pressure causes muscle and nerve damage and tissue death.
compartment syndrome
(page 433)
Category that includes many different diseases of the muscles.
myopathy
my - AW - pah - thee
(page 436)
my/o- = muscle
-pathy = disease
Incoordination of the muscles during movement, particularly incoordination of the gait.
ataxia
ah - TAK - see - ah
(page 437)
a- = without
tax/o = coordination
-ic = pertaining to
Pain in several muscle groups.
polymyalgia
paw - lee - my - AL - jah
(page 435)
poly- = many, much
my/o- = muscle
alg/o- = pain
-ia = condition
It is an overuse injury common to athletes who run. Causes pain and inflammation of the tendons of the flexor muscles of the anterior lower leg over the tibia.
shin splints
(page 440)
This condition includes tennis elbow and carpal tunnel syndrome.
repetitive strain injury (RSI)
(page 436)
Autoimmune disorder in which the body produces antibodies against its own acetylcholine receptors on the muscle fibers, and the antibodies destroy many of the receptors. This causes abnormal and rapid fatigue of the muscles, particularly the muscles of the face.
myasthenia gravis
my - as - THEE - nee - ah GRAV - ihs
(page 436)
Name the movement disorder that is associated with neurological disorders like Huntington chorea and cerebral palsy.
dyskinesia
dhs - kih - NEE - zha
(page 438)
dys- = abnormal, difficult
kines/o = movement
-ia = condition
What is the treatment for the condition in which a muscle becomes progressively more flexed. It finally becomes flexed in an immovable position.
Range of motion (ROM) exercises.
(page 434 - TX for contracture)
Inflammation of the fascia on the bottom of the foot that is caused by excessive running or exercise.
Plantar fasciitis
plan - tar fash - ee - EYE - tihs
(page 440)
This injury causes a skin rash as well as muscle weakness and inflammation.
dermatomyositis
der - mah - toh - my - oh - SY - tihs
(page 436)
dermat/o- = skin
myos/o- = muscle
-itis = inflammation, infection
The most common and most severe form of this muscle disease. It is caused by a genetic mutation of the gene that normally makes the muscle protein dystrophin.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
doo - SHEN DIS - troh - fee
(page 435)