Muscle Tissue & Structure
The connective tissue that surrounds an individual muscle fiber.
What is the endomysium?
The prime mover for elbow extension.
What is the triceps brachii?
The neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction.
What is acetylcholine (ACh)?
This disease results from an autoimmune attack on the acetylcholine receptors at the NMJ.
What is myasthenia gravis?
Approximate percentage of body weight made up by skeletal muscle.
What is 40–50%?
This connective tissue layer bundles multiple fibers into fascicles.
What is the perimysium?
This muscle group acts as the agonist during hip flexion.
What are the iliopsoas muscles?
The ion that binds troponin to initiate cross-bridge formation.
What is calcium (Ca²⁺)?
A genetic disorder that leads to progressive degeneration of skeletal muscles.
What is Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
The fastest type of skeletal muscle fiber, specialized for short bursts of power.
What are type IIb (fast glycolytic) fibers?
The structural unit of contraction within a myofibril.
What is a sarcomere?
The rotator cuff muscle responsible for initiating shoulder abduction.
What is the supraspinatus?
The process by which motor units are recruited in increasing size for stronger contractions.
What is the size principle (or motor unit recruitment)?
Rhabdomyolysis is caused by rapid breakdown of muscle tissue, releasing this protein into the blood
What is myoglobin?
The extra oxygen needed after exercise to restore muscle energy stores is called ___.
What is oxygen debt (EPOC)?
The storage site for calcium ions in muscle cells.
What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
The primary muscle used in plantar flexion during walking or running.
What is the gastrocnemius (and soleus)?
This phenomenon explains why muscles remain partially contracted at rest.
What is muscle tone?
In tetanus infection, the bacterium Clostridium tetani blocks the release of this inhibitory neurotransmitter.
What is GABA (or glycine)?
The thick filaments of the sarcomere are composed primarily of this protein.
What is myosin?
The invaginations of the sarcolemma that carry action potentials deep into the muscle fiber.
What are T-tubules (transverse tubules)?
The muscle that is paralyzed in Bell’s palsy.
What is the orbicularis oculi (and other facial muscles innervated by CN VII)?
The metabolic pathway most important for sustained, low-intensity exercise.
What is aerobic (oxidative phosphorylation)?
The clinical term for muscle wasting due to disuse or nerve damage.
What is atrophy?
The muscle with the greatest endurance capacity in the human body.
What is the heart (cardiac muscle)?