Intro
The 3 types of muscle tissue in the body:
Skeletal, smooth, & cardiac
Thick filaments in myofibrils consist of the protein _____
what is myosin?
Skeletal muscle fibers contract only when stimulated by a_________
what is a motor neuron?
Muscle contraction involves several events, that result in the shortening of ____________ , and the pulling of the muscle against its attachments
sarcomeres
Energy for muscle fiber contraction comes from molecules of _____
ATP
This connective tissue extends beyond the ends of the muscle, and gives rise to __________ that are fused to the periosteum of bones
I bands (light bands) are made up of ________ filaments, which are anchored to the Z lines
what is actin?
Each skeletal muscle fiber (cell) is functionally (not physically) connected to the axon of a motor neuron, creating a ___________
what is a synapse
_______ consists of two twisted strands, with globular heads projected outward along the strands
myosin
__________ is present to initially regenerate ATP from ADP and phosphate
creatine phosphate
Layers of dense connective tissue surround and separate each muscle
what is fascia?
Thin filaments in myofibrils are mainly composed of the protein _______, but also contain troponin and tropomyosin
what is actin?
The cytoplasm of the distal end of the motor neuron contains numerous __________ and synaptic ________ storing neurotransmitters
mitochondria ; vesicles
________ is a globular protein arranged in twisted filaments (a double helix), containing myosin binding sites
actin
__________ is the first phase of cellular respiration
it is anaerobic
occurs in the cytoplasm
Glycolysis
The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is the _______ and the cytoplasm of a muscle cell is the _______
what is sarcolemma and sarcoplasm?
_______ (dark bands) are made up of overlapping thick and thin filaments
what is A bands
The muscle fiber membrane in this area contains a specialized region called the _________ in which the sarcolemma is tightly folded
motor end plate
together, these 3 proteins form the thin filaments
troponin, tropomyosin, and actin
_________ is a complete breakdown of glucose
it is aerobic → requires oxygen
occurs in the mitochondria
aerobic respiration
The order of connective tissues that surround each skeletal muscle, from outside to inside is:
epimysium --> perimysium --> endomysium
Beneath the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber lies a network of membranous channels, called the______________
what is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
When an electrical impulse reaches the end of the axon of a motor neuron, synaptic vesicles release the neurotransmitter __________ into the synaptic cleft
acetylcholine
A myosin head attaches to a binding site on the actin filament, forming a _______
cross-bridge
The pigment ______ stores oxygen in muscle tissue for aerobic respiration; this increases oxygen availability
myoglobin