Skeletal Diseases
Common skeletal condition found in adults that causes bones to become weak and brittle.
What is osteoporosis?
This common condition causes painful muscle tightening or spasms, often after exercise or dehydration.
What are muscle cramps?
This hard, dense outer layer of bone provides most of its strength.
What is compact bone?
These proteins slide past each other during muscle contraction.
What are actin and myosin?
Found in children, this disease caused by a vitamin D deficiency leads to bowed legs and soft bones.
What is rickets?
This autoimmune disease causes muscle weakness because the immune system attacks receptors needed for muscle contraction.
What is myasthenia gravis?
This softer, spongy bone tissue is found at the ends of long bones and contains red marrow.
What is cancellous (spongy) bone?
This ion triggers muscle contraction by binding to troponin.
What is calcium?
This autoimmune disorder causes chronic inflammation of the joints, often leading to bone erosion and deformity.
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
This group of genetic disorders leads to progressive muscle weakness due to mutations affecting dystrophin.
What is muscular dystrophy?
This canal system in bones contains blood vessels and nerves that nourish bone tissue.
What are Haversian canals?
This neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to activate muscle fibers.
What is acetylcholine?
This genetic disorder causes extremely fragile bones due to a defect in collagen production and is sometimes called “brittle bone disease.”
What is osteogenesis imperfecta?
This inflammatory disease causes muscle weakness and muscle fiber breakdown, often diagnosed with elevated creatine kinase levels.
What is polymyositis?
This process, involving osteoblasts and osteoclasts, continuously reshapes bone throughout life.
What is bone remodeling?
This energy molecule is regenerated from ADP using creatine phosphate during short bursts of activity.
What is ATP?
This rare bone cancer, most common in teenagers, typically forms in the long bones and is known for producing immature bone tissue.
What is osteosarcoma?
This rare, inherited metabolic disorder prevents muscles from breaking down glycogen properly, leading to painful cramps and exercise intolerance.
What is McArdle disease?
This embryonic process forms flat bones of the skull directly from mesenchymal tissue.
What is intramembranous ossification?
This theory explains muscle contraction through cross‑bridge cycling and filament movement.
What is the sliding filament theory?