Structure & Function
5 types of connective tissue
Bone, Cartilage, ligaments, tendons, fascia
Brings bones together, decreases the angle
Name, example
Flexion
Dorsiflexion, plantar flexion
Bone loss occurring after menopause
osteoporosis
prior to performing a standing musculoskeletal assessment - the nurse needs to focus on what?
Examples?
Safety!
Standing close to patient, gait belt
Popping and cracking noises with musculoskeletal palpation (especially with knee)
Crepitus
What increases ROM
Increased elasticity of connective tissue
Increasing angle to closer to a straight line
(give example)
Extension
Move neck backward
Activities that increase bone loss
Smoking, high salt diet, calcium deficiency, alcohol intake, physical inactivity
To properly assess muscle strength- the nurse needs to assess against.....?
part 2- muscle strength is documented how?
against resistance
patient's score/5
*chart pg. 598*
Kyphosis, Scoliosis
population, description
Kyphosis exaggerated forward curvature (older)
Scoliosis lateral curvature (adolescent)
Function of bones
Framework for the body, protection, storage site of minerals, hematopoiesis
Movement away from the body
Abduction
Age muscle mass begins to decrease
30 years of age
Risk reduction activities in 50 year old female
adequate calcium & vitamin D in diet, perform weight bearing exercises (walking is perfect) no smoking or alcohol , maintain healthy weight
Medical Term for 'knock knee'
Genu Valgum
Place where the bone lengthens from
Epiphyses
Movement toward the body
Adduction
Longer and stronger bones are found in these patients
Men
Visible misalignment of a joint - nurses should avoid what? But should instead assess what?
Manual correcting misalignment
Assess pulses, color of extremity, appearance
Finger to thumb opposition tests what?
Fine motor movement/ coordination
Type of synovial joints with examples
Ball & Socket- Hip & shoulder
Hinge- Elbow & Knee
Pivot- atlas and axis (vertebrae)
Condyloid- wrist
Saddle- thumb
Gliding- intervertebral
Moving thumb to touch the little finger
Opposition
Important nursing diagnosis for musculoskeletal.
Older adult patient with atrophy, Joint stiffness, decreased bone density
Risk for falls
Demonstrate balance assessment
walk on tip toes, walk on heels, tandem walking, Romberg test
Nursing precaution while assessing hip mobility in a patient post hip replacement
Do not adduction of flex greater than 90 degrees