Soft Tissue Injuries
what is an anterior cruciate ligament tear?
Tearing of the ligament by deceleration forces with pivoting or odd positions of the knee or leg
what is a sprain
•Injury/damage to ligaments surrounding a joint
•Usually d/t twisting motion
Occur in ankle, wrist, or knee joints
what is a dislocation
complete displacement or separation of articular surfaces of the joint. Medical emergency
what is a subluxation
partial or incomplete displacement of the joint surface
what is carpal tunnel syndrome
Compression of medial nerve, which enters the hand at the wrist.
what is bursa
sacs that contain synovial fluid located between tendons and bones near joints.
What is an impingement syndrome?
entrapment of soft tissue and nerves coracoacromial arch of the shoulder
what is a strain?
•Excessive stretching of muscle often involving the tendon
•Various degrees from pulled muscle to torn or ruptured muscle.
•Occur in large muscles (lower back, calf, hamstring)
cause of subluxation
injury or excessive laxity of ligaments, weak muscles, meniscus tears cause joint instability, or trauma
cause of carpal tunnel
repetitive movements of the wrist which causes inflammation of a tendon (tenosynovitis), cancer, RA, or ganglian cyst
what is bursitis
Inflammation of the bursa d/t repeated or excessive trauma or friction, gout, RA or infection
ligament injury
Stretching or tearing of ligament. Usually occurs from inversion, eversion, shearing, or torque applied to a joint. characterized by sudden pain, swelling, and instability.
S/Sx of both?
include tenderness to pain and minimal to severe swelling (depending on degree), decreased function, and bruising
s/sx of subluxation
physical deformity upon assessment, pain, loss of function, and swelling.
s/sx of carpal tunnel
decreased sensation, pain, numbness, and/or weakness
cause of bursitis
Repetitive kneeling, improper body mechanics, jogging in poor shoes, prolonged sitting with legs crossed.
meniscus injury
injury to fibrocartilage discs in knee. characterized by popping, clicking, tearing sensation, effusion, and/or swelling.
Tx
depends on severity but RICE and NSAID’s are used
complications of subluxation
intraarticular fractures, avascular necrosis, and damage to nerves and blood vessels.
dx of carpal tunnel
Positive Phalen’s sign (sensation of tingling in median nerve over the hand), electromyography (EMG)
s/sx of bursitis
warmth, pain, swelling, limited ROM
rotator cuff injury
tear within muscles, tendons, or ligaments around the shoulder
tx of dislocation
•Closed reduction under general or IV moderate to deep sedation. Helps with pain and muscle relaxation
•After reduction: extremity immobilized via brace, splint or sling
•Pain management
•Gentle ROM if joint is stable and supported
tx of carpal tunnel
wrist splints, special keyboard and mouse, PT exercises, corticosteroid injection, carpal tunnel release surgery.
common sites of bursitis
hands, elbows, shoulders, and knees
shin splints
inflammation of periosteal bone along anterior calf. caused by improper shoes, overuse, or running on hard pavement
tx of bursitis
rest, maybe immobilization with compression dressing or splint, ice, NSAID’s, aspiration of fluid, and possibly intraarticular corticosteroid injection