Parkinsons
who are the two really famous guys that were diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease
Muhammad Ali and Michael J. Fox
Osteoporosis is a geriatric illness
true or false
FALSE
it's considered pediatric due to bone matrix and density formed/built during childhood
what is the patho of osteoarthritis
the cartilage between bones breaks down leading to damage to the bone and eventually the formation of osteophytes(bone spurs)
what are possible complications with hip surgery
DVT, UTI, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, fat embolism
what is the #1 thing to do if you suspect a patient is experiencing compartment syndrome
keep limb level with the heart, DO NOT elevate, call doctor asap this is a medical emergency
The drug Sinemet is given for to increase dopamine in Parkinson patients. It's effective in improving patient outcomes but what are the main side effects?
dyskinesia, dark urine, and twitching of eyelids(this one is a sign of toxicity)
Osteoporosis is porous bones, what causes the bones to be porous?
the rate of bone resorption that is maintained by osteoclasts is greater than the rate of bone formation that is maintained by osteoblasts, resulting in reduced total bone mass
what are the first steps taken to help with osteoarthritis
exercise(aerobic exercise)and weight loss
what are the six P's of compartment syndrome
and how do they treat it?
Pain, paresthesia, pallor, polar, paralysis, pulses
treated with a fasciotomy
Whats a sequestrum? When would you see this?
its a bone abscess and its seen in severe osteomyelitis
These are the four cardinal signs of Parkinson’s disease, essential for its clinical diagnosis.
what are tremors, rigidity, akinesia/bradykinesia, and postural instability (AKA TRAP)
What is the single most effective way to prevent osteoporosis
walking for 30 minutes 3x a week minimum
what is the procedure used to remove osteophytes
arthroscopy
what is the difference between a hemiarthroplasty and a total hip replacement?
hemiarthroplasty- just replaces the head of the femur and the femur stem; less blood loss
total hip- replaces entire acetabular component; much more blood loss
what is estrogens role in bone health
estrogen pulls calcium back into cells/bones
Parkinson's is well known for its tremor... when does the patient have that tremor?
they tremor at rest
DEXA scans are used to diagnose osteoporosis, what is the scoring called that they use and what does it mean
T-score and it compares the difference between the patients bone mineral density & the bone mineral density of a person of the same gender but younger
where in the body is the most common spot for osteoarthritis to manifest
the knees
what nursing care would you provide post op with a patient who has a fracture
assess CMS(compartment syndrome risk), gag reflex, cough/deep breathing, vitals, assist with movements, manage pain, prevent infection, prevent skin breakdown
what common medication can increase your risk of osteoporosis
antacids/PPI because the lack of acid in the stomach decreases the amount of calcium that is broken down
Mrs. Rogers had us watch a video on blackboard that stated that Parkinson's could have other non-movement symptoms. Which of these symptoms is correct?
-Tinnitis
-Pernicious Anemia
-loss of smell
-demyelination
the loss of the sense of smell
Risk factors of osteoporosis include being female, caucasian, small stature, and early menopause. There is a surgery we talked about in class that would put a patient more at risk of developing this disease
Gastric bypass- you are bypassing the duodenum and that is where the most calcium is absorbed.
During diagnostic testing what would you expect the doctor to order?
R/O RA through -RA factor, ESR, synovial fluid aspiration
X-ray to see bone spurs
Bone scan
MRI
if a patient presents with a noticeably shorter externally rotated leg what most likely are they experiencing... what is the most important thing to do for them
hip fracture.... we must immobilize them to prevent further complications
after an ORIF how soon is the patient full weight bearing
not for a while, the internal fixator needs time to bond with the bone