Structure, Function, Assessment
List 3 functions of the musculoskeletal system.
Protection
Mobility & Movement
Blood Return to Heart
Production
Reservoir
What are the two types of osteoarthritis?
Primary and Secondary
List at least 3 potential causes of Chronic Low Back Pain.
Often injuries
Muscle or ligament strain
Bulging or ruptured discs
Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
List 5 risk factors for osteoporosis.
Genetics (Caucasian, Female, Family History, Small Frame)
Age (Post menopause, advanced age, low T in men, decreased calcitonin)
Nutrition (low Ca and Vit D; high phos)
Physical Exercise (sedentary or lack of weight bearing exercise; low weight or BMI)
Lifestyle Choices (caffeine, alcohol, smoking, lack of sunlight)
Medications (corticosteroids, anticonvulsants, heparin, thyroid hormone)
How many bones are there in the human body?
206
A sprain is an injury to what structure?
ligament
What is the name for the bony fragments/growths that narrow the joint space in osteoarthritis?
Osteophyte (bone spurs)
What factors should be assessed when assessing lower back pain?
Detailed description of the pain, including location, severity, duration, characteristics, radiation, associated symptoms such as leg weakness, description of how the pain occurred, and how the pain has been managed by the patient
List 3 of the 5 classes of meds (or specific meds) used to treat osteoporosis.
Calcium & Vit D
Bisphosphonates (alendronate--Fosamax, risedronate--Actonel, ibandronate--boniva, zoledronic acid--Reclast)
Selective Estrogen Modulators (Evista)
PTH analogue (teriparatide--Forteo)
RANKL Inhibitor (denosumab)
Which bone cells are responsible for dissolving and reabsorbing bone?
Osteoclasts
A strain is an injury to what structures?
muscles and/or tendons
Limited to affected joint(s)
Pain
Aggravated by movement
Relieved by rest
Stiffness
Usually in the morning and lasting less than 30 min
Functional Impairment
Enlarged joint
Decreased ROM
Heberden’s Nodes (distal joints of fingers)
Bouchard’s Nodes (proximal joints of fingers)
Crepitus (creaky joint)
Joint Effusions (sign of inflammation)
List at least 3 signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome.
numbness
tingling
itching
burning
List 3 of the 5 most common locations of bone turnover in a patient with Paget's disease.
skull
femur
tibia
pelvis
vertebrae
Physical activity
Calcium intake
Calcitriol (activated Vit D)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Calcitonin
Thyroid Hormone
Cortisol
Growth Hormone
Estrogen
Testosterone
What is the meaning of the acronym PRICE as it relates to sports injuries?
Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
List at least 3 of the medications that can be used to treat osteoarthritis.
Acetaminophen
NSAIDs
1st vs 2nd Generation
Tramadol
Opioids—reserved for severe cases
Steroid Injections in joint
Topical diclofenac gel
Glucosamine and chondroitin (no clear, wide-spread evidence)
What is onychocryptosis?
Bone structure in someone with Paget's disease may be described as __________ in appearance and is disorganized.
Mosaic
List 3 of the 5 types of joints in the body.
Hinge
Saddle
Pivot
Gliding
The doctor says, "this client has a subluxation of the shoulder". What does this mean?
The patient has a partial dislocation of the shoulder.
What is the most serious (and potentially deadly) complication of joint replacement surgery, and how can we prevent it?
DVT/VTE
Early ambulation, frequent assessment, anticoagulant therapy, TEDs, SCDs, movement of foot/ankle
Osteomyelitis may result in what type of surgery if not adequately treated?
amputation
List 3 nursing diagnoses that we discussed that related to Paget's disease.
Pain
Impaired Mobility/Risk for Falls
Risk for Injury/Bone Fractures
Risk for hearing Loss