Which type of bone tissue forms a hard shell around the outside of bones?
Compact bone
100
What are the bones that protect your lungs and heart called?
Ribs
100
The three types of muscle are smooth, cardiac, and skeletal. Which of those three can you voluntarily control?
Skeletal muscle
100
What conducts a signal from the brain to a muscle, causing the muscle to move?
A neuron
(specifically a motor neuron)
100
Red blood cells are made in which part of the musculoskeletal system?
Red bone marrow
200
The central part of some of the larger bones in the body are filled with bone marrow. What is the primary function of red bone marrow?
To create new blood cells
200
What is the bone that most of your ribs connect to in the front of your chest?
Sternum
200
Many joints have distinct muscles that act as flexors (close the joint) and extensors (open the joint). Which are usually stronger?
Flexors
200
What is the name of the place where the signal from the brain passes from a neuron to a muscle.
Neuromuscular junction
200
The bone in the tip of your pinky toe is one of which group of bones?
Phalanges
300
To keep bones healthy, bone tissue must be continuously remodeled. This is accomplished by cells called ______ that break down old bone, and _______ which build up new bone. Fill in the blanks in the correct order.
Osteoclasts, osteoblasts
300
What is one of the 33 bones that make up your spine called?
Vertebrae
300
Both X and Y are tough bands of collagen. X connects muscles to bones, and Y connects bones to bones.
What are X and Y?
X = tendons
Y = ligaments
300
After the signal from the brain crosses the neuromuscular junction, what happens to trigger the muscle cells to contract?
Calcium ions flood the muscle cells
300
What is the type of bone tissue that comprises the interior of bones, and has many holes to decrease weight and allow some shock-absorption?
Spongy bone
400
While bone tissue contains calcium-rich minerals which provide hardness, both bones and cartilage are made largely of a flexible mesh of a protein called ________.
Collagen
400
What are the bones in the palms of your hands called?
Metacarpals
400
Give one example of smooth muscle in the body
Muscles around arteries
Peristaltic muscles around esophagus, stomach, or intestines
400
Which of the following causes muscles to contract?
a) Muscle cells pull on actin and myosin
b) Actin filaments pull on myosin filaments
c) Myosin filaments pull on actin filaments
d) Actin and myosin filaments get shorter
c) Myosin filaments pull on actin filaments
400
What type of tissue coats the surface of bones that rub against each other in joints?
Cartilage
500
Astronauts in space lose bone density at a dangerous rate without regular, strenuous exercise. This exercise provides shocks and stresses to the bone tissue, which results in more normal bone remodeling. Which part of bone tissue is believe to sense these shocks and stresses and regulate the bone remodeling process in response?
Osteocytes
500
Complete this analogy:
The tibia and fibula are to the radius and ulna as the femur is to the...
humerus
500
Which type of muscle must be connected through a neuromuscular junction to a motor neuron in order to function?
Skeletal muscle
500
What molecule provides the energy that myosin uses to pull actin filaments together during muscle contraction, and where is that molecule made?
ATP, it is made in the mitochondria
500
When muscles contract, it is a burst of calcium ions in muscle cells that triggers the contraction. What type of cell releases stored calcium into the blood stream for this and other purposes?