External coaptation is only possible in injuries that are ____ on the limb.
What is distal?
100
These are the two most common processes leading to bone infections.
What are direct inoculation and hematologic spread?
100
This is the most commonly used cast in vet med for a distal limb fracture.
What is a modified Robert Jones?
100
Rickets/Osteomalacia is never caused by a deficiency in this mineral, yeah.
What is calcium?
100
I want to feel horse tendons. How would I feel them?
What is flexed palpation?
200
To ensure proper healing, at lease this percentage of cortical contact must be achieved by reduction.
What is 50%?
200
This is often associted with woven bone production, both endocortical and periosteal.
What is osteomyelitis?
200
This is a non-weight bearing sling that holds all forelimb joints in flexion. Care should be taken to not impact breathing as it is wrapped around the chest.
What is a Velpeau Sling?
200
An excess in this nutrient causes premature closure of growth plates in juveniles, yeah, or osteosclerosis in adults.
What is vitamin A?
200
This test allows you to feel laxity in the hip joint of a dog by applying pressure on the flexed stifle and abducting the limb.
What is the Ortolani test?
300
These are the three forces that are NOT counteracted by external coaptation.
What is compression, shear, distraction?
300
A sequestrum is a focus of this type of necrosis walled off by a involucrum.
What is coagulation necrosis?
300
This is recommended for all casts to increase accessibility in an emergency, despite weakening the cast.
What is bivalving the cast?
300
This is the process of decreased bone mass with clinical manifestion.
What is osteopenia?
300
The test that is performed by stabilizing the distal femur with the proximal hand, while translating the proximal tibia cranially.
What is cranial drawer test?
400
This type of fracture has the best success with healing by EC.
What are simple, transverse fractures?
400
These sites are predisposed in young animals for hematogenous spread of pathogens.
What are the AEC and physis?
400
Bandages should be changed this often at a minimum.
What is once per day?
400
This disease process is associated with excessive levels of PTH, yeah, leading to osteoclastic resorption of bone and replacement with fibrous ct.
What is fibrous osteodystrophy?
400
In equine diagnostic nerve blocks, it is important to block this joint first.
What is the most distal?
500
These are two reasons that would greatly contraindicate use of EC.
What are miniature toy breed, non-compliant owner/dog, open/comminuted fracture?
500
This disease process has a characteristic radiological/histological appearance. It begins as supprative/fibrinous inflammation within the trabecular bone, but is non-infective.
What is hypertrophic osteodystrophy?
500
A Ehmer sling is a non-weight bearing sling for pelvic injuries. It achieves immobilization by doing this.
What is internally rotating and abducting the femoral head?
500
In osteoporosis the plates of bone in trabecular bone are replaced by these structures, causing the bone to become brittle over time.
What are struts?
500
This is where the majority of bovine lameness comes from.