Anatomy & Physiology
The skeletal system consists of?
What is bones and joints
Name 2 aging effects on the musculoskeletal system
What is osteopenia, less elastic and compressible joint cartilage, and muscle tissue atrophies
What is defined as bone loss that causes significant decreased density and possible fracture?
What is osteoporosis
The comprehensive musculoskeletal assessment includes which assessment strategies
What is inspection and palpation
What electrolyte can increase calcium loss?
What is phosphorus
What are the different types of muscles?
What is Smooth muscle, Cardiac muscle, Skeletal muscle
Severe osteopenia can cause which type of spinal curvature?
Kyphosis
Why is the biggest complication for patients with osteoporosis?
What is fractures
What is ROM, gait, and muscle strength
What should be added to the diet for a healthy musculoskeletal system?
Diary, soy, fruits, dark veg, fortified cereal/food, etc.
What vitamin and electrolyte affect bone regulation?
What are vitamin D and calcium
Osteoporosis is
What is loss of bone density
What is infection in any bony tissue?
What is osteomyelitis
What are the 4 methods for assessing Range of Motion?
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction.
What type of exercise is performed against resistance that may be beneficial if your pt is on bed rest for extended periods?
What is Isometric exercises
What type of energy is needed for muscle contraction?
ATP
What is a priority patient problem for an older patient with musculoskeletal dysfunction?
Safety/falls
What are 3 s/s of osteomyelitis?
•Bone pain
•Fever
•Erythema and heat in the area of the infected bone
•Elevated WBC count
•ESR may raise later in the disease course
What diagnostic is used in the diagnosis of pathologic changes in the joints?
Arthroscope
What exercises are good for musculoskeletal health maintenance and promotion?
What is weight bearing exercises
The process of bone formation is called?
Osteogenesis
What are some teaching methods to prevent falls?
Remove rugs, adequate lighting, hand rails, low tub/shower, assistance.
What is the biggest risk factor for osteomyelitis?
What is cellulitis
What endocrine gland could affect a patient's musculoskeletal function?
What is parathyroid
Name 4 ways to reduce osteoporosis
What is
•Adequate calcium & vitamin D intake
•Limiting caffeine intake
•Increasing activity and exercise
•Avoiding smoking and alcohol