Religious Renaissance Music
Why did the Church lose importance in Renaissance society, making secular music as important as religious music?
What was the function of secular Renaissance music?
Leisure or entertainment
What was expected of a Renaissance courtier?
To be able to play at least 1 instrument & dance with ease.
What ideals did the creation of the opera attempt to recover?
The ideals of classical Greece
What were the Renaissance percussion instruments?
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Naqareh, kettledrum, tintarabulum
What were the main religious musical forms in the Catholic Church?
The mass & the motet
What were the characteristics of the Villancico and Romance? Who were the most important composers?
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Villancico:
- polyphonic or homophonic texture
- brief compositions
- various voices (usually 4)
- structure in choruses & coplas
- could have instrumental accompaniment
- popular in Spain
Romance:
- legendary/historic subject matter, or social events
- melody composed of 4 different musical phrases, equally repeated in 4 verses
- popular in Spain
Composers: Juan del Enzina, Francisco de Peñalosa, Mateo Flecha "the Elder," Juan Vásquez
How was instrumental music created?
How is the genre of opera defined?
The narration of a story through music
What were the Renaissance brass instruments?
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Trumpet, French horn, serpent, sackbut
What were the main religious musical forms in the Protestant Church?
The Lutheran chorale, the Anglican hymn & the Laudi Spirituali
What were the characteristics of the Madrigal? Who were the most important composers?
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- polyphonic texture
- romantic/satirical/humourous content
- characterized by madrigalisms
- popular in Italy
Composers: Orlando di Lasso, Carlo Gesualdo, Claudio Monteverdi
What were the characteristics of High Dances?
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- performed in open spaces by the common people
- included jumps
- tall instruments with high sonority were used
How was the opera created?
The first operas had musical accompaniment, but eventually had orchestral accompaniment in the transition to the Baroque period.
What were the Renaissance woodwind instruments?
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Recorder, transverse flute, fife, oboe, crumhorn, bombard
What were the main schools of religious Renaissance music?
The Roman School
The Castilian School
The Andalusian School
The Franco-Flemish School
The Dutch School
What were the characteristics of the Chanson? Who were the most important composers?
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- polyphonic texture, usually with instrumental accompaniment
- light, rapid & rhythmic songs
- used onomatopoeias
- strophic structure
- told fantastical tales
- popular in France
Composers: Josquin des Prez, Guillaume Dufay, Clément Janequin
What were the characteristics of Low Dances?
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- performed in closed spaces by the nobility
- danced at ground level
- short instruments were used
1. Overture, Symphony
2. Recitative (spoken segments)
3. Arias (sung segments - solo singers)
4. Chorus (sung segments - choir)
5. Ballet (danced segments)
6. Interludes (instrumental fragments woven throughout the opera)
What were the 3 types of Renaissance string instruments? List them all and give an example of each.
Fretted/Plucked String Instruments:
- lute
- vihuela
- harp
- psalter
- virginal
- spinet
- harpsichord
Percussion String Instruments:
- tympanon
- clavichord
Bowed String Instruments:
- viola da braccio
- viola da gamba
- hurdy gurdy
- violin
What were the characteristics of religious Renaissance music?
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- vocal music
- used primarily contrapuntal polyphony
- second intervals were the most common
- modal music
- 3rd, 5th, 6th & 8th intervals were used
- marked rhythm
- motet & mass were the most employed forms
- texts were biblical passages, usually written in Latin
- imitation passages were common
- function was to pray
What were the characteristics of secular Renaissance music?
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- used primarily contrapuntal polyphony, some homophonic passages
- second intervals were the most common
- modal music
- 3rd, 5th, 6th & 8th intervals were used
- marked rhythm
- villancico, romance, madrigal & chanson were the most employed forms
- texts were important poetic texts, written vernacular language
- imitation passages were common
- function was leisure/entertainment
- composers tried to reflect human preoccupations in their songs
- common themes were satirical, romantic, erotic & carnivalesque
What were the types of instrumental Renaissance music?
- vocal music pieces adapted for an instrument
- polyphonic pieces composed for instruments following vocal music style
- improvised pieces (i.e. tientos, fantasies)
- variations
- dances
What were the characteristics of opera during the Renaissance?
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- texture: accompanied melody
- a mixed genre (vocals + instruments)
- mythological themes
- tonal music
- noble audience
- eventually had orchestral accompaniment
- had 6 partsWho were the main composers for the vihuela during the Renaissance?
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Luis de Narvaez, Alonso de Mudarra, Enríquez de Valderrábano, Esteban Daza, Miguel de Fuenllana, Diego Pisador & Luis de Milán