Form
Describe the primary feature of the frottola
Melody in the upper voice
lower 3 voices can be instrumental
strophic--diatonic harmony
What are the salient features of a Handel oratorio
Heavy chorale usage
no scenery/costumes-- no action on stage
sacred basis
Saul is dramatic and contrasting
Utilizing international style French drama--Italian form and Greek tragedy
Prima follows conventional counterpoint rules.
Seconda broke conventional counterpoint rules
Compare the career and works of Lully and Purcell. In What ways did their circumstances dictate their compositional output
Both output was based on patronage (propaganda..money..and support)
Lully was supported in France; Purcell in England
Purcell's staging--Italian Drama--French New practice in music-English
Describe the term "Baroque" in terms of it's original meaning and qualities of art and music now associated with the term
Original-- abnormal...bizarre...exaggerated
Present definition-- dramatic and diversity of style
Describe the primary features of the frottola and ricerare
Introductory works.
not based on preexisting material.
Establish tonality
Describe the ways in which one may speak about Giulio Cesare as a typical Italian opera.
3 acts-- Recitative...Aria...Sinfonia are arranged to be continuous
recit moves plot; aria is like a concerto, has literal importance to the output
What is the relationship between "mannerism" in art and music
Exaggerates the qualities of beauty, balance, and proportion
Summarize the main feature of the music of Arcangelo Corelli. What genres did he favor? What were the characteristics of his compositional style?
Music is tonal--lots of suspensions...imitative texture w/walking bass
Lyricism--virtuosity
loved the Sonata and concerto form
What are the "affections"
Emotions/state of mind; belief that contrast in music would impact different affections
What are the salient characteristics of the canzona?
Light
Fast-moving
Very Rhythmic
Contrasting sections
Breifly explain the factors that led to Bach's obscurity quickly after his death in 1750, and then discuss the significance of the BWV as it regards the eventual establishment of Bach studies at the center of music training today.
BVW organized Bach's music and republished it (made it accessible)
Contemporaries preferred less complex and more tuneful music....viewed Bach as old fashioned
How does the typical English madrigal compare with the typical Italian madrigal?
English-- Funny...MUSIC CENTERED
Italian-- Serious...TEXT CENTERED
Upon what significant vocal form did Vivaldi's instrumental concerti expand to produce ritornello form?
da capo aria
What is the "Camerata" and with whom is it associated? How are the concerns of the Camerata reflected in earliest Florentine operas
Academy of science and art that experimented w/ early stages of opera hosted by concert band
Peri writing first opera based material on Greek oratorio, concerned with the number of voices in opera
What are the defining characteristics of the cantata?
One voice; secular song
dramatic texts
Used recitative and aria in contrasting
Detail the major positions Bach held and describe the ways in which these positions affected his musical output.
Church organist and director of music and Arnstadt Mulhausen
Output includes new melodies. as well as pre-existing chorales
need vast amount of music
Discuss the principle difference specifically in approach to text setting in a lute song such as Dowland's "Flow my tears" to the late Italian madrigal
Lute song-- less word painting...accompaniment is more independent from texted melody
Italian madrigal-- text is enriched by musical setting...full of word painting
Describe Vivaldi's contributions to the concerto genre
Wrote at different levels for his students works
featured gifted students and allowed others to grow
Define Ritornello Form
Reoccurring section of music featured around new part chorus
List and describe the various groups typically responsible for the patronage of the 17th century music
Prestige support
Church
City/Public
Compare and contrast the style and feature of the earliest opera and those of the mid 17th century
Both utilized costumes and are based on Greek myths.
Greeks used masks...17th century used facial expressions.
17th century utilized larger stages and instrumental accompaniment.
Why did Handel's oratorios appeal to the middle-class public? List at least two reasons.
Based on well known; religious material
Cheaper to produce and cheaper to see
What is the origin of the Sonata? What is the structure of the early Baroque trio sonata? What feature of "tonality" were identified in the Corellio trio sonata?
Based in ritornello and da capo aria structed around two treble and one bass continuo--four movement music modulated away and back to tonic key