The first written music for these appears during the Renaissance.
What are instruments?
100
Baroque composers often wrote these, to show off a virtuoso instrumentalist, accompanied by an orchestra.
What are concerti?
100
Although he died at the age of only 33, this Classical composer wrote over 600 works, many of them considered among the most influential compositions of all time.
Who is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart?
100
"Romantic" comes from the German word "Roman," meaning this.
What is "novel?"
200
This type of chant is named for Pope Saint Gregory, to whom is it attributed.
What is Gregorian Chant?
200
The addition of this group to the church choir created a whole new range of possibilities. And probably distracted the tenors.
Who are women?
200
Possibly the most influential composer of all time, this organist worked at the Thomaskirche in Leipzig, Germany and is also famous for works like the "Brandenburg Concertos."
Who is Johann Sebastian Bach?
200
This is an instrumental work in multiple (usually four) movements, developed in the Classical Period.
What is a symphony?
200
Romantic composers looked to, and sometimes lived in the shadow of, this German composer's nine symphonies and highly dramatic style.
Who is Ludwig van Beethoven?
300
Most sacred chants were sung in this language.
What is Latin?
300
Renaissance composers expanded this "multiple melody" technique to six, eight, even ten parts.
What is polyphony?
300
This Italian composer and virtuoso violinist is famous for concerti and other works like "The Four Seasons."
Who is Antonio Vivaldi?
300
Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II, a patron of many Classical artists including Mozart, Salieri, and Beethoven, ruled from the city of Vienna in this country.
What is Austria?
300
This composer's "Der Ring der Niebelungen" lasts for over sixteen hours.
Who is Richard Wagner?
400
This word, Greek for 'one sound,' describes music where every performer sings or plays the same melody in unison.
What is monophony?
400
This French composer was popular in the Renaissance for secular pieces such as "Millet Regretz" and sacred works like "Ave Maria."
Who is Josquin des Prez?
400
This musical term describes a polyphonic work (often for organ) with multiple voices in "conversation" revolving around a single theme.
What is a fugue?
400
An effort to make music more elegant, with a greater emphasis on melody, meant the Classical Period was in some ways a reaction against this.
What is the Baroque Period?
400
Franz Schubert wrote many of these works for piano and voice.
What are Lieder?
500
Composers such as Léonin and Pérotin devised this texture, where multiple melodies are sung at once.
What is polyphony?
500
This Italian Renaissance composer was famous for his polyphonic masses, including the "Pope Marcellus Mass."
Who is Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina?
500
This baroque form of music that sets a stage play to music quickly became a worldwide phenomenon for the next three hundred years.
What is opera?
500
Although it was developed in the Baroque Period, this theatrical form of music took off in the Classical Era, particularly through Mozart's work such as "The Magic Flute," "Don Giovanni," and "The Marriage of Figaro."
What is opera?
500
This "national composer of Italy" wrote many famous operas including "Rigoletto" and "Nabucco."