The origins of Western Music
How much do we know about primitive music?
We know little about primitive music. We know it thanks to archeological evidence.
When was music notation created? During what centuries?
Music notation was created during the Middle Ages, from the 5th to 15th centuries through Europe.
What were the two types of monophony?
They were religious and secular monophony.
When did Ars Nova developed?
It developed during the 14th century.
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When were five-line staves began to be used?
They were started to be used in the 13th century?
What is monophony?
Monophony is a combination of sounds that make a melody. It defines a single part of a melody or a single voice where no other sounds are heard at the exact same time.
What is polyphony?
It is the combination of different sounds and melodies that are played or sung at the exact same moment.
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To what was linked music in the ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations?
Music was linked to religion and had divide origins. It was performed in religious acts and ceremonies.
To what did neumes evolve over time? CHOOSE ONE:
- square notation
- triangular notation
- basic-traditional notation
- neumatic notation
- cambridge notation
Neumes evolved over time into square notation.
Who sang the religious monophony? Who sang the secular monophony?
The religious monophony was sung by monks in a choir. Secular monophony was sung by troubadours and jongleurs.
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Who was the first female to write her own chants and put a female choir to sing them? (CHOOSE ONE)
- Guidan Van Bismark
- Marie Van Cupiel
- Hildegard Von Bingen
- Isabel Lidia of Austria I
It was Hildegard Von Bingen
To what was music linked in the Ancient Greek civilization?
Music in the Ancient Greek civilization (800BC-146BC) was an form of art linked to poetry and theatre.
What are neumes?
They are straight and curved lines that specified the shape of the melody in the compositions. This originated a system of music notation known as neumatic notation.
Who composed the Gregorian chants? Where?
The monks inside churches or monasteries.
What were the two periods in the development of polyphony?
They were Ars Antiqua and Ars Nova.
What is called the medieval instrument that looked like a small guitar? (CHOOSE ONE)
- shawn
- petit hurdy
- hurdy gurdy
- small fiyeiro
It is the hurdy gurdy.
Give two examples of instruments used in Ancient Greek music.
Some examples could be the lyre, the harp, the aulos and the hydraulis (the ancestor to the organ).
What did Guido d’Arrezzo do?
He created a system that is considered the basis of our modern music notation. He named each note of the scale and designed a system on a stage of four lines, where he drew a clef at the beginning.
What was the difference between the troubadours and jongleurs who sang music?
The troubadours were educated artists, poets or musicians, who were in some cases, part of the nobility. The jongleurs were musicians from poor families.
During the Ars Antiqua period, the organum was developed, what was it?
It was a polyphonic form of rhythm characterized by a second voice in a Gregorian chant.
Give two examples of medieval instruments.
Some examples are: the vielle, harp, psaltery, flute, baypipe, shawn, trumpet and horn. (All are valid responses)