Musical Styles
Glass; Adams; Wolfe; music of process
Minimalism
Carter; changing tempo by ratio
Metric Modulation
use of images or shapes as opposed to staff lines; Berberian, Ligeti
Graphic Notation
Schaeffer; El-Dabh; electronic sampling
Musique Concrète
controlled collections of pitches with some chance on the part of the performer regarding how many or how fast they are played; Whitacre, Lutoslawski, Monk
Aleatory
Pärt; bell-like compositional technique
Tintinnabulation
serialized parameters other than pitch classes; includes often dynamics, articulations, rhythmic durations; Boulez
Total Serialism
techniques past what is traditionally called for on an instrument; Crumb, Penderecki, Berio, Ligeti
Extended Techniques
Eno; atmospheric electronic music
Ambient Music
Use of a musical quote from another source, or multiple quotes mixed and matches together; Berio, Ives
Quotation & Collage
Reich; one part falls out of sync gradually
Phasing
Use of ratios in a canon; Shostakovich, Part
Isorhythm
Cutaway Scores
Grisey; material from harmonic spectrum
Spectralism/Spectrograph
Partch; different divisions of octave
Microtonality
Schnittke; incorporates neoclassicism
Polystylism
cumulative rhythm of a passage of music; analytical technique, Crumb
Composite Rhythm
duration shown in seconds rather than measures and beats; Berio, Penderecki
Timeline Notation
Creation of sound with oscillators; additive or subtractive are both examples; Carlos
Synthesis
wall of sound; difficult to identify specific pitches; Penderecki, Haas, Ligeti, Lutoslawski
Sound Mass
Cage; chance music, aleatory, etc.
Indeterminacy
Complex use of rhythmic tuplets; especially nested tuplets; Saariaho, Ferneyough, Takemitsu
New Complexity
Oliveros; score consists only of words
Text Notation
French early electronic instrument; Messiaen
Ondes Martenot OR Theremin
Ligeti; clusters of small melodic motives
Micropolyphony