War
The Spanish soldiers
What is Conquistadors
12.5 million Africans were captured and brought through the Middle Passage—across the Atlantic—to labor in the New World
What is transatlantic slave trade
Spanish estates in the New World where state owners directly employed natives, who had low wages, high taxes, and large debt to landowners; basis of wealth and power for local aristocracy
What is the Hacienda System
The person that traveled across the Atlantic from Spain and was first European to encounter the Americas in 1492
What is Christopher Colombus
The empires based on sea travel
What is Maritime empires
The heavily armed Spanish ships
What is Galleons
the dispersion of Africans out of Africa (largely through the transatlantic slave trade)
What is African Diaspora
Incan system of labor obligation that the Spanish co opted into a coercive labor system
What is the Mit'a System
The Portuguese monarch who was the first European monarch to sponsor seafaring expeditions to search for an all-water route to the east
What is Prince Henry the Navigator
The global empire based on small outposts, rather than control of large territories
What is trading post empire
The rebellion against Catherine the Great in Russia which caused her to increase her oppression of the peasants in return for the support of the nobles
What is Pugachev Rebellion
Arrangements through which servants signed a contract to work for a specified period of years in exchange for passage to the New World
What is indentured servitude
Economic policy that focuses on a nation's ability to export as much as possible and import as little as possible; overseas colonies helped this because they supplied raw materials
What is Mercantilism
The Portuguese sailor who sailed around the southern tip of Africa in 1488
What is Bartholomew Diaz
The African kingdom on the Gold Coast that expanded rapidly after 1680, participating in the
What is Asante Empire
The 1680 rebellion by the Pueblo and Apache against Spanish attempts to force religious conversions
What is the Pueblo Revolt
A system in which individuals were considered as property to be bought and sold
What is Chattel Slavery
A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it
What is Encomienda System
The Portuguese sailor who sailed around the southern tip of Africa to India, where he claimed territory for Portugal, in 1498
What is Vasco Da Gama
The Central African kingdom whose kings converted to christianity to establish closer trading and diplomatic relations with Europeans, became a prominent source for slaves which ultimately lead to its downfall
What is Kingdom of the Kongo
The sailors along the coast of North Africa who captured other Europeans in the Mediterranean and sold them to the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
What is Barbary Pirates
Grueling journey of captured Africans across the Atlantic Ocean
What is the Middle Passage
A strict social hierarchy established by the Spanish in their colonial territories in the Americas, which categorized individuals based on their racial ancestry
What is the Casta System
The Spanish explorer whose voyage was the first to circumnavigate the globe
What is Ferdinand Magellan
The dynasty established in China by the Manchu, ruled 1644-1911
What is Qing Dynasty