New Imperialism (Africa & Asia)
100 — Late‑19th‑century conference where European powers divided Africa without African input.
What is the Berlin Conference?
100 — Term for foreign control through investment and companies rather than formal political rule.
What is economic imperialism (neo‑colonialism)?
100 — Year often called the “Year of Africa” when many countries gained independence.
What is 1960 (the “Year of Africa”)?
100 — Policy aimed at stopping the spread of communism (U.S. strategy).
What is containment?
100 — 1944 conference that established the IMF and World Bank as part of a postwar economic order.
What is the Bretton Woods Conference?
100 — Country that modernized rapidly (Meiji Restoration) to avoid colonization and later became an imperial power.
What is Japan (Meiji Restoration)?
200 — Medication that reduced European vulnerability to tropical diseases and aided imperial expansion.
What is quinine?
200 — 1857 Indian uprising that ended East India Company rule.
What is the Sepoy Mutiny (Indian Rebellion of 1857)?
200 — Indian leader associated with nonviolent resistance and independence.
Who is Mahatma Gandhi?
200 — 1962 crisis that brought the U.S. and USSR closest to nuclear war.
What is the Cuban Missile Crisis?
200 — Economic philosophy promoting free trade, deregulation, and privatization.
What is neoliberalism?
200 — Leader of the Haitian Revolution who led enslaved people to independence.
Who is Toussaint L’Ouverture?
300 — Economic system imposed by colonizers focusing on export crops and resource extraction.
What is a cash‑crop colonial economy?
300 — British method that retained local elites as intermediaries (used in parts of India).
What is indirect rule?
300 — North African country that fought a brutal war (1954–62) to win independence from France.
What is Algeria?
300 — Term for battles fought indirectly through allied states (e.g., Korea, Vietnam).
What are proxy wars?
300 — Modern business form operating across multiple countries seeking cheap labor and markets.
What are transnational corporations?
300 — British policy that created railroads and telegraphs in India but also contributed to economic drain — name the colonial power responsible.
Who is Britain (the British Raj)?
400 — Type of colonial control where European officials replaced local rulers (French example).
What is direct rule?
400 — Political and social ideology used to justify racial hierarchy and domination.
What is Social Darwinism?
400 — South African system of institutional racial segregation ended in 1994.
What is the end of apartheid in South Africa?
400 — 1989 event symbolizing the collapse of communist control in Eastern Europe.
What is the fall of the Berlin Wall?
400 — Technological innovation that greatly reduced shipping costs and spurred global trade (standardized containers).
What is containerization?
400 — Name the 19th–20th century European state whose actions in South Africa established settler colonialism and institutionalized racial segregation.
What is Britain (or the British Empire)?
500 — King whose brutal rule in the Congo Free State exposed severe atrocities under private rule.
Who is King Leopold II?
500 — One long-term effect of colonial border drawing in Africa.
What are artificial borders and ethnic/tribal divisions?
500 — One reason rapid decolonization accelerated after WWII.
What is the weakening of European powers after WWII (and rise of nationalist movements)?
500 — Two reforms associated with Gorbachev that helped end the USSR (name both).
What are perestroika and glasnost?
500 — One way globalization has contributed to inequality between Global North and Global South (short explanation).
What is unequal trade terms/export dependency (leading to economic inequality)?
500 — Explain briefly why the Suez Canal increased European involvement in Egypt (one sentence).
It shortened Europe–Asia sea routes, making Egypt strategically critical for trade and prompting European financial control and later British occupation