DNA Replication, Transcription & Translation
If given the DNA sequence ATGATTCAT, what would the complementary DNA strand be?
TACTAAGTA
Any change to a DNA sequence, whether it is major or minor
What are the 3 major stages of the cell cycle?
Interphase, Mitosis and Cytokinesis
_____are sections of chromosomes that carry genes that code for specific traits.
Alleles
Where does photosynthesis occur?
Where does cellular respiration occur?
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
What is the structure of a DNA molecule vs a RNA molecule?
DNA - double helix
RNA - single stranded
This type of mutation does not result in a frameshift mutation but can alter the amino acid sequence
Substitution
Cells spend 70% to 90% of their time in ______.
Interphase
Homozygous alleles are alleles that are both_____ or _____
Dominant or recessive
What is the relationship between Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration?
The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration and vice versa.
What is the central dogma of biology?
DNA --> RNA --> Protein
What mutations can lead to silent, missense, or nonsense mutations?
Gene Mutations/Point Mutations
_______is the cell division of somatic cells that results in 2 diploid daughter cells.
_______is the cell division of gametes that results in 4 haploid daughter cells.
Mitosis, Meiosis
A cross involving 2 different traits or 4 sets of alleles?
___turns into ___ when a phosphate bond releases.
___turns back into ___when a phosphate is added.
ATP, ADP
ADP,ATP
What happens in Transcription? What happens on Translation?
Transcription - DNA is transcribed or converted into a mRNA sequence
Translation - when the mRNA sequence is converted to tRNA and then into an amino acid
How many types of Chromosomal Mutations are there? Name them.
4. Deletion, Duplication, Inversion, Translocation
What are the 4 phases of Mitosis
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
An individual's complete set of chromosomes is referred to as?
A Karyotype
How many types of Cellular Respiration are there? What are they?
2, Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
What are the 4 enzymes that assist in DNA replication and what are their functions?
Helicase - unwinds the DNA Double strand
Primase - adds short complementary sequences to mark replication starting point
DNA Polymerase - builds a new DNA strand by adding nucleotides
Ligase - seals any loose ends of the newly formed strands
TATTAGCA is now TATTAGCAA, what kind of mutation is this and how will it affect the amino acid?
Insertion, It will cause the amino acid sequence to have an extra base which will alter the reading
Does Crossing over & Independent Assortment occur in Mitosis or Meiosis and what phase?
Meiosis, Crossing over - Prophase 1; Independent Assortment - Metaphase 1
A chart that diagrams the inheritance of a trait through generations of a family?
Pedigree
What is the difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic occurs with oxygen and Anaerobic occurs without oxygen