Physio
The heart is a muscular organ composed of four chambers and is often described as ____
"two pumps in one"
Heart failure is also called ____
Congestive heart failure
Name 2 out of the 3 cardiovascular risk factors
Hypertension
Ischemic Heart Disease/Diabetes
Smoking & Obesity
What is the drug being studied in the critically appraised article?
Application of Omecamtiv Mecarbil (OM) at varying concentrations
What local response causes arterioles to constrict when pressure increases and dilate when pressure decreases
Myogenic response
What is the difference between a reduced ejection fraction and a preserved ejection fraction?
Reduced ejection fraction = less than 40%, feature of systolic dysfunction
Preserved ejection fraction = greater than 50%, feature of diastolic dysfunction
For every 1,000 Filipino patients admitted for a medical condition, approx. how many cases are specifically for heart failure?
16
What is the control group of the study (Comparison)?
Baseline failing heart models without OM
Healthy tissue models
Differentiate the roles of F-type, T-type, and L-type channels in the SA node's electrical activity
F-type channels open during hyperpolarization to provide the slow, continuous pacemaker potential
T-type calcium channels open briefly to provide the "last push" to reach the threshold
L-type calcium channels open once the threshold is reached, causing rapid depolarization
Explain how patients with right-sided heart failure often experience swelling in their legs and feet
Right-sided failure = systemic venous congestion = increase in venous pressure = raised capillary hydrostatic pressure = force of fluid into the interstitial spaces = peripheral edema
Every year, Heart Failure roughly costs the Philippines an estimated ___ billion pesos
80.9
How did the researchers address variability in human heart cells during their simulations?
They used a population of 1000 simulated cells to capture variability and employed sensitivity analysis