Explorers
Who were Dias and da Gama?
Dias (1487) and da Gama (1497) were Portuguese explorers who sailed around the bottom of Africa (known as the Cape of Good Hope).
Who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (in 1508) and carved the statue David?
Michelangelo
What did Martin Luther post on the door of a church in 1517?
He posted his 95 Theses calling out the church's use of indulgences to forgive sins.
What were the two tribes that were conquered by Cortes and Pizarro?
The Aztecs and the Incas
Who was known as the "Father of His Country" and what country was he from?
Cosimo de' Medici; he was from Italy.
Where did Christopher attempt to sail to in 1492, and what were his three ships called?
He wanted to reach the "East" by sailing west on the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria.
What was Erasmus' famous work in 1511? What style was this work known as?
This famous work was called In Praise of Folly, which was known as a satire.
What was the Protestant Reformation in 1521?
It was a gathering where Martin Luther debated certain beliefs and practices of the Roman church.
Who were Ferdinand and Isabella?
Ferdinand and Isabella were the rulers of Spain, who in 1469, lead the Spanish Inquisition that put people on trial who disagreed with the church.
Who were the "Beefeaters?" Why were they called this?
They were the bodyguards of King Henry VII who protected him against assassination. They were called this either because they ate a lot of meat or their names was modified from the French word buffetier, meaning "guard."
What did Cortes (1519) and Pizarro (1531) do and where?
They were conquistadors who violently conquered areas in Mexico and South America by tricking the local chiefs and attacking the cities with weapons and through spreading disease to take gold and other precious resources.
Who painted the Mona Lisa (in 1503) and The Last Supper? What was he known for when it came to his work?
Leonardo da Vinci; he was known for often not finishing his work!
Who was Tomas de Torquemada?
He was the childhood priest of Isabella, and he was a Dominican friar who thought torturing people was justified to ensure they confessed their sins against the church.
What were the names of the ruling families who fought in England from 1455-1485, and what were their family symbols?
The names of the ruling families were the House of Lancaster (white rose) and the House of York (red rose).
How were Fra Angelico and Fra Filippo Lippi different from each other?
Both were monks who painted scenes from the Bible, but Fra Angelico was gentle, peaceful, humble, and prayed constantly. Fra Filippo Lippi, on the other hand, focused more on things of this world (women, fame, selfishness, etc.)
Who started the first circumnavigating voyage around the globe? Who finished it?
Ferdinand began the voyage with four ships in 1519 with 270 sailors, but died half way through the journey. Juan Sebastian de Elcano finished the voyage back to Spain in 1521 with only one ship still standing and 17 men left alive.
Why was Rafael arguably the most talented artist of the Renaissance? What were his two most famous works?
He combined the styles of Leonardo & Michelangelo; he is known for the two famous cherubs and the School of Athens.
What were the three beliefs held by Martin Luther at the Debate at Leipzig?
1. The pope can make human mistakes (not infallible)
2. The church of Rome was not supreme over other churches
3. The Bible is the ultimate authority for Christians (not the teachings of the church)
Why were Cristobal Colon's last three voyages considered not as successful as his first one to the New World?
His last three voyages were considered less successful because Colon became greedy, demanded a gold tax from islanders, enslaved people, drove out people from their land, and killed those who he thought stood in his way.
Why was the painting The Tower of Babel by Pieter Bruegel the Elder so magnificent?
He used perspective (tower rises up to heaven), detailed landscaping (the background of the painting), he made the scene realistic (group of builders discussing the build in the foreground), and used action (tower still under construction in the 16th century).
Why was the Strait of Magellan so dangerous to sail through?
Although it was a shortcut through South America, this narrow, winding canal had steep, snow-covered mountains on either side of it with high winds cutting in between. There was heavy fog through the canal, and the waters and temperatures were freezing since it was so close to the South Pole.
Name the four Flemish and German artists who created famous paintings during the Renaissance (15th-16th centuries).
Jan van Eyck
Jerome Bosch
Albrecht Durer
Pieter Bruegel the Elder
What was the Edict of Expulsion in 1492?
This was an order made by Ferdinand and Isabella that forced Jews living in Spain to either be baptized or leave the country within three months. As many as 800,000 Jews then fled the country.
How did Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro get the Aztecs and Incas to trust them?
The tribes believed that these mens were "white gods" who they told legends about. This lead the tribes to worship and fear them, and help them create settlements and even gift them gold (big mistake!).
What is satire and how did Erasmus use it in his work?
Satire is a work of literature that points out the weaknesses and foolishness of mankind. He used this to poke fun of certain groups of people who were alive at the time in his writings.