Muscle Relaxants
Most muscle relaxants act on this part of the nervous system
What is ... central nervous system?
The antidote for a barbiturate over dose is this.
What are ... there is no antidote?
The benzo with the longest half life.
What are ... diazepam (Valium)
This is the most common ingredient in over the counter sleep medications and is an antihistamine.
What is .... dyphenhydramine (Benadryl)?
The most commonly used class of drugs in the operating room but they don't cause sedation.
What are ... NMBDs (neuromuscular blocking drugs)?
This stage of sleep is necessary for feeling rested, plays a role in memory consolidation, emotional processing, brain development, and dreaming?
What is ... REM sleep?
A patient has been taking cyclobenzaprine since last week but he doesn't have a neurospastic disorder. The nurse interprets the patient is taking it for what condition?
What is ... musculoskeletal injury?
The name of the phenomenon where barbiturate drugs cause enzymes to metabolize other drugs more rapidly is known as this.
What is ... enzyme inducuction?
These 2 herbal supplements used for sleep interact with benzos and can cause further CNS depression.
What are ... kava and valerian?
This short acting nonbenzodiazepine has no active metabolites and a short half life, which gives it a lower incidence of daytime sleepiness.
What is .....zolpidem (Ambien)?
A complication of spinal anesthesia that is prevented by bedrest post-op.
What is ... a spinal headache?
The largest portion of the sleep cycle is this stage and preceeds REM sleep.
What is ...nonREM sleep?
This muscle relaxant is the only drug that is NOT centrally acting and acts on skeletal muscles.
What is .... dantrolene (Dantrium)?
The prototypical long acting barbiturate which offers once a day dosing is this drug.
What is....Phenobarbital?
This antidote is used to reverse the sedative effects by directly competing with the benzodiazepine at the receptors.
What is ... flumazenil?
Ramelteon is prescribed for a patient with insomnia. The nurse checks the patient’s medical history, knowing that this medication is contraindicated in which disorder?
What is... liver disease?
The only inhaled gas used as a general anesthetic.
What is ... nitrous oxide?
Prolonged sedative-hypnotic use may reduce the cumulative amount of REM sleep, which is known by this term.
What is ... REM interference?
The majority of a muscle relaxants beneficial effects is thought to come from depression of what, rather than from directly acting to relax muscles.
What is.....central nervous system?
A short acting barbiturate used mostly preop for anxiety and sedation.
What is... pentobarbital?
Drugs that given at low to moderate doses calm or soothe the central nervous system without inducing sleep, but when given at high dosages cause sleep.
What are ....hypnotics or sedative/hypnotic?
The first (but not the only) nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic drug associated with sonambulation.
What is ... zolpidem (Ambien)?
This type of sedation is also known as conscious sedation or procedural sedation.
What is ... moderate sedation?
During this phenomenon, a sleeping person who abruptly stops a sleep-aid medication often has frequent and vivid dreams.
What is ... REM rebound?
Muscle relaxants are most effective when used in conjunction with this nondrug option.
What is ... physical therapy?
The action of barbiturates is due in part to the ability to potentiate this inhibitory neurotransmitter.
What is ... GABA?
The FDA issued a black box warning for combining benzos with this class of drugs.
What are ... opioids?
This nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic is a short to intermediate acting agent, the first approved for long term sleep aid use.
What is ... eszopiclone (Lunesta)?
The inhaled volatile anesthetic sevoflurane is the preferred agent for sedation in this patient population.
What is .... pediatric?
3 NON-pharmacological sleep interventions.
What are ... keeping a sleep diary, establishing a set sleep and wake time, avoid daytime napping, avoid stimulants close to bedtime, avoid exercise in late evening, keep bedroom temperature moderate, engage in relaxing activities before bed (yoga, medication, stretching...)?
Name 3 of 4 conditions that can be associated with acute muscle spasms?
What are ... trauma, inflammation, anxiety, and pain?
Give pentobarbital 100 mg IV as preop sedation. Available @ 50 mg/mL. How many milliliters will the patient receive for this dose?
What is... 2mL?
5 of 7 common uses for benzodiazepines.
What are... sedation, agitation/anxiety, sleep induction, anxiety-related depression, skeletal muscle relaxation, treatment of acute seizure, moderate sedation, balanced anesthesia?
Suvorexant (Belsoram) is a controlled substance and falls into this new class of sleep drugs?
What is ... orexin receptor antagonist?
The nurse should be aware of this electrolyte for a patient receiving a NMBD, especially if they experienced muscle fasciculations.
What is .... potassium?
We teach patients to avoid this common substance at least 6 hours before bed, because the half-life is 5-7 hours?
What is ... caffeine?