Chemical burns
What type of chemicals are involved in a chemical burn?
A chemical burn results from contact with acids, alkalis, and organic compounds.
What is the "iceberg" effect?
When a patient has an electrical burn the nurse must be aware that in an electrical burn there is an "iceberg effect" where what happens inside the body can be much more extensive than what is outside.
What are the different types of ischemic stroke?
Thrombotic, embolic, lacunar
Identify where in the brain hemorrhages can occur.
Epidural, subdural, intraparenchymal
List the 4 neuro disorders we discussed in lecture
MS, MG, GB, ALS
Which type of chemical burn causes more damage?
Alkali burns continues to damage tissue even after the alkali is neutralized.
What is the risk to the skeletal system in electrical burns?
The nurse must also know that there is always a risk of bones breaking/ fracture due to the voltage of the shock.
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for suspected stroke patients?
Non-contrast CT of the head.
what is the most common cause for hemorrhagic stroke?
Uncontrolled hypertension (HTN).
List at least 7 signs and symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis.
Presenting symptoms are diplopia, loss of balance, changes in sensation
Cognitive/Mental Status: cognitive impairment, fatigue, vertigo
Vision: blurred vision, diplopia, nystagmus
Speech: dysarthria
Cerebellum: lack of coordination
•Motor: muscle weakness à paralysis, muscle spasticity; ataxia
•Sensory: Changes in sensation
•GI: dysphagia, constipation
•GU: spastic bladder, urinary retention
What body systems are affected by chemical burns?
Eyes, respiratory system, liver and kidneys, and skin
Cardiac dysrhythmia is another concern thus the nurse must consider getting an EKG once patient arrives to the hospital.
What must the SBP before a patient can receive tPA?
SBP < 185 mmHg.
The excess blood can cause a "mass effect," thus increasing blood volume and increasing the intracranial pressure.
GB
gasoline, petroleum,
alcohol, phenols, and ethers
household products
What damage can occur to the kidneys with electrical burns?
One more important concern is Acute Kidney injury (AKI) due to massive muscle breakdown and release of myoglobin that can clog up glomerulus and throw patient's into AKI.
What is last well known time?
The last time a person was seen "normal" prior to his stroke signs and symptoms.
What are some ways a hemorrhage can be surgically managed?
Burr hole, craniectomy, etc.
2 part question
A. Which of the neuro disorders has the Lhermits sign?
B. Which of the neuro disorders has an ascending paralysis (begins in lower extremities and ascends bilaterally) .
A. MS
B. GB
What is the first thing you should do when a person is exposed to a chemical agent?
Quickly remove the offending chemical from the skin. Quickly remove clothing from the person. Avoid being exposed to the chemical yourself. Use a neutralizing agent (if known). Tissue destruction may continue up to 72 hours after chemical injury.
What are some causes of electrical burns?
Causes: lighting, utility wires, defibrillator
What is the time frame for tPA administration from the last well known time?
tPA can be administered 3 hours from last well known time (LWKT).
What does thrombectomy capable mean?
In which neuro disorder does the level of consciousness remain intact?
ALS